做应用系统时,我们往往假设用户是小白,那么为了保证系统的正常,我们往往会对用户的参数做限制,并且前后端都要对用户的参数做验证。那我们在设计的时候是否可以提前预防这种问题呢?其中的一种方式就是:用枚举enum替代int常量。

让你的系统更安全--用枚举enum替代int常量_系统

枚举的好处:

1. 类型安全性

2.使用方便性

示例1

  •  
public class EnumDemo {         enum Color{             RED(3),BLUE(5),BLACK(8),YELLOW(13),GREEN(28);                  private int colorValue;             private Color(int rv){              this.colorValue=rv;               }           private int getColorValue(){            return colorValue;        }                   private int value(){            return ordinal()+1;        }}              public static void main(String[] args) {         for(Color s : Color.values()) {                 //enum的values()返回一个数组,这里就是Seasons[]                 System.out.println(s.value()+":"+s.name()+"="+s.getColorValue());             }         }     } 

output:

1:RED=3
2:BLUE=5
3:BLACK=8
4:YELLOW=13
5:GREEN=28

其中,

  •  
    /**     * Returns the ordinal of this enumeration constant (its position     * in its enum declaration, where the initial constant is assigned     * an ordinal of zero).     *     * Most programmers will have no use for this method.  It is     * designed for use by sophisticated enum-based data structures, such     * as {@link java.util.EnumSet} and {@link java.util.EnumMap}.     *     * @return the ordinal of this enumeration constant     */    public final int ordinal() {        return ordinal;    }

示例2:

 EnumMap是专门为枚举类型量身定做的Map实现。虽然使用其它的Map实现(如HashMap)也能完成枚举类型实例到值得映射,但是使用EnumMap会更加高效:它只能接收同一枚举类型的实例作为键值,并且由于枚举类型实例的数量相对固定并且有限,所以EnumMap使用数组来存放与枚举类型对应的值。这使得EnumMap的效率非常高。

  •  
import java.util.*;
public enum Phase { SOLID, LIQUID, GAS; public enum Transition { MELT(SOLID, LIQUID), FREEZE(LIQUID, SOLID), BOIL(LIQUID, GAS), CONDENSE( GAS, LIQUID), SUBLIME(SOLID, GAS), DEPOSIT(GAS, SOLID); private final Phase src; private final Phase dst;
Transition(Phase src, Phase dst) { this.src = src; this.dst = dst; }
private static final Map<Phase, Map<Phase, Transition>> m = new EnumMap<Phase, Map<Phase, Transition>>( Phase.class); static { for (Phase p : Phase.values()) m.put(p, new EnumMap<Phase, Transition>(Phase.class)); for (Transition trans : Transition.values()) m.get(trans.src).put(trans.dst, trans); }
public static Transition from(Phase src, Phase dst) { return m.get(src).get(dst); } }
public static void main(String[] args) { for (Phase src : Phase.values()) for (Phase dst : Phase.values()) if (src != dst) System.out.printf("%s to %s : %s %n", src, dst, Transition.from(src, dst)); }}