注：本文谢绝转载！
一．准备工作
1.1 安装需要的RPM 包
binutils-2.20.51.0.2-5.11.el6 (x86_64)
glibc-2.12-1.7.el6 (x86_64)
libgcc-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
libstdc++-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
libaio-0.3.107-10.el6 (x86_64)
libXext-1.1 (x86_64)
libXtst-1.0.99.2 (x86_64)
libX11-1.3 (x86_64)
libXau-1.0.5 (x86_64)
libxcb-1.5 (x86_64)
libXi-1.3 (x86_64)
make-3.81-19.el6
sysstat-9.0.4-11.el6 (x86_64)
compat-libcap1-1.10-1 (x86_64)
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6 (x86_64)
gcc-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
gcc-c++-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
glibc-devel-2.12-1.7.el6 (x86_64)
ksh <== 任何版本的 ksh 都可以。
libstdc++-devel-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6 (x86_64)
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6 (i686)
glibc-2.12-1.7.el6 (i686)
glibc-devel-2.12-1.7.el6 (i686)
libgcc-4.4.4-13.el6 (i686)
libstdc++-4.4.4-13.el6 (i686)
libstdc++-devel-4.4.4-13.el6 (i686)
libaio-0.3.107-10.el6 (i686)
libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6 (i686)
libXext-1.1 (i686)
libXtst-1.0.99.2 (i686)
libX11-1.3 (i686)
libXau-1.0.5 (i686)
libxcb-1.5 (i686)
libXi-1.3 (i686)
这里建议配置好YUM，用yum 来一次安装。
1.2 修改内核参数/etc/sysctl.conf
在sysctl.conf 中加入以下内容：
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
fs.file-max = 6815744
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
kernel.panic_on_oops = 30
如下2个参数直接使用默认值即可：
kernel.shmmax = 68719476736
kernel.shmall = 4294967296
用root用户执行sysctl -p 使修改生效。
1.3 设置 Oracle 用户的Shell 限制
在 /etc/security/limits.conf中添加如下内容：
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240
oracle hard stack 10240
注：limits.conf 文件发生更改时，这些更改立即生效。但是，如果 Oracle 用户已登录，则这些更改将在注销这些用户并重新登录之后生效。必须先完成此操作，然后再使用这些帐户进行安装。
1.4 设置PAM
确保加载了最新版本的 PAM，然后在 /etc/pam.d/login 文件中添加或编辑以下行：
session required pam_limits.so
1.5 设置ulimit
验证当前 ulimit，如果需要则增大。可以采用多种方式完成此操作，推荐方法是在 /etc/profile 中添加以下行：
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -u 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
fi
1.6 创建Oracle用户和组
groupadd oinstall
groupadd dba
groupadd oper
useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
passwd oracle
1.7 创建目录
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1
chown -R oracle.oinstall /u01
chmod -R 777 /u01
1.8 设置oracle用户的环境变量
修改/home/oracle/.bash_profile 文件添加如下内容：
TMP=/tmp; export TMP
TMPDIR=$TMP; export TMPDIR
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.1.0/db_1; export ORACLE_HOME
ORACLE_SID=dave; export ORACLE_SID
SHLIB_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH;export SHLIB_PATH
NLS_LANG=American_America.zhs16gbk;export NLS_LANG
ORA_NLS10=$ORACLE_HOME/nls/data;export ORA_NLS10
TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin;export TNS_ADMIN
ORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERM
PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH; export PATH
PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH; export PATH
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/jre:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib;export CLASSPATH
Source 参数使生效：
[oracle@Ora12c ~]$ source ~/.bash_profile
二．开始安装
运行runinstaller。
[root@Ora12c database]#/u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
Changing permissions of /u01/app/oraInventory.
Adding read,write permissions for group.
Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.
Changing groupname of /u01/app/oraInventory tooinstall.
The execution of the script is complete.
[root@Ora12c database]#/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1/root.sh
Performing root user operation for Oracle 12c
The following environment variables are set as:
ORACLE_OWNER= oracle
ORACLE_HOME= /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1
Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory:[/usr/local/bin]:
Copyingdbhome to /usr/local/bin ...
Copyingoraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
Copyingcoraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
Creating /etc/oratab file...
Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file asneeded by
Database Configuration Assistant when a database iscreated
Finished running generic part of root script.
Now product-specific root actions will beperformed.
[root@Ora12c database]#
三. 查询数据库信息
[oracle@Ora12c ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.1.0 Production on Thu Apr24 12:00:39 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release12.1.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics andReal Application Testing options
SQL> set lin 140
SQL> select * from v$version;
BANNER CON_ID
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
OracleDatabase 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.1.0 - 64bit Production 0
PL/SQLRelease 12.1.0.1.0 - Production 0
CORE 12.1.0.1.0 Production 0
TNSfor Linux: Version 12.1.0.1.0 - Production 0
NLSRTLVersion 12.1.0.1.0 - Production 0
SQL> SELECT CDB FROM V$DATABASE;
CDB
---
YES
SQL> select PDB_NAME,CON_UID,pdb_id,status fromdba_pdbs;
PDB_NAME CON_UID PDB_ID STATUS
-------------------- ---------- -----------------------
PDBCNDBA 426143573 3 NORMAL
PDB$SEED 4088301206 2 NORMAL
SQL> select con_id,dbid,NAME,OPEN_MODE fromv$pdbs;
CON_ID DBID NAME OPEN_MODE
---------- ---------- ----------------------------------------
24088301206 PDB$SEED READ ONLY
3 426143573 PDBCNDBA READ WRITE
SQL> show con_name
CON_NAME
------------------------------
CDB$ROOT
SQL> alter session set container=pdbcndba;
Session altered.
SQL> show con_name
CON_NAME
------------------------------
PDBCNDBA
SQL> show con_name
CON_NAME
------------------------------
PDBCNDBA
SQL> create table cndba as select * fromall_users;
Table created.
SQL> alter session set container=CDB$ROOT;
Session altered.
SQL> select count(1) from cndba;
select count(1) from cndba
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00942: table or view does not exist
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