工作管理
查看目前的后台工作状态(jobs)
[root@localhost tmp]# jobs -l [1]- 9154 停止 vim newfile.txt [2]+ 9368 停止 find / -print [3] 9374 Running tar -jcpP -f /tmp/etc1.tar.bz2 /etc &
直接将命令放到后台执行 ( &)
将目前工作放到后台并暂停(ctrl+z)
将后台工作拿到前台来处理(fg)
将后台工作由停止变为运行(bg)
[root@localhost tmp]# jobs -l;bg %2;jobs -l [1]- 9154 停止 vim newfile.txt [2]+ 9729 停止 tar -jcpP -f /tmp/etc1.tar.bz2 /etc [2]+ tar -jcpP -f /tmp/etc1.tar.bz2 /etc & [1]+ 9154 停止 vim newfile.txt [2]- 9729 Running tar -jcpP -f /tmp/etc1.tar.bz2 /etc &
后台任务管理(kill)
语法:kill –signal %工作序号
Sighal:
1:重新读取一次参数的配置文件
2:代表有ctrl+c同样的操作
9:立刻强制删除一个工作
15.以正常方式终止工作
说明:unix like中的信号64个,比较复杂以后在整体学习
举例:
[root@localhost tmp]# jobs -l;kill -9 %1; jobs -l [1]+ 已杀死 tar -jcpP -f /tmp/etc1.tar.bz2 /etc
进程管理
进程的查看
静态进程查看(ps)
[root@localhost ~]# su -l tkf [tkf@localhost tmp]$ tar -cjPp -f ./home.bz2 /home [1]+ Stopped tar -cjPp -f ./home.bz2 /home 查看ps -l [tkf@localhost tmp]$ ps -l F S UID PID PPID C PRI NI ADDR SZ WCHAN TTY TIME CMD 4 S 500 10894 10893 0 75 0 - 1224 wait pts/1 00:00:00 bash 0 T 500 10951 10894 0 78 0 - 1224 finish pts/1 00:00:00 tar 0 T 500 10952 10951 0 78 0 - 2289 finish pts/1 00:00:01 bzip2 查看ps -lA [tkf@localhost tmp]$ ps –lA F S UID PID PPID C PRI NI ADDR SZ WCHAN TTY TIME CMD 4 S 0 1 0 0 75 0 - 544 stext ? 00:00:00 init 0 R 0 10691 1 0 75 0 - 20262 stext ? 00:00:01 gnome-terminal 4 S 0 10694 10691 0 77 0 - 649 stext ? 00:00:00 gnome-pty-help 0 S 0 10695 10691 0 76 0 - 1253 wait pts/1 00:00:00 bash 4 S 0 10893 10695 0 78 0 - 1319 wait pts/1 00:00:00 su 4 S 500 10894 10893 0 75 0 - 1224 wait pts/1 00:00:00 bash 0 T 500 10951 10894 0 78 0 - 1224 finish pts/1 00:00:00 tar 0 T 500 10952 10951 0 78 0 - 2289 finish pts/1 00:00:01 bzip2
查看ps aux [tkf@localhost tmp]$ ps aux USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND root 1 0.0 0.0 2176 640 ? Ss 08:50 0:00 init [5] root 10691 0.1 0.8 81336 17104 ? Sl 15:03 0:04 gnome-terminal root 10694 0.0 0.0 2596 676 ? S 15:03 0:00 gnome-pty-helper root 10695 0.0 0.0 5012 1476 pts/1 Ss 15:03 0:00 bash root 10893 0.0 0.0 5276 1312 pts/1 S 15:16 0:00 su -l tkf tkf 10894 0.0 0.0 4896 1444 pts/1 S 15:16 0:00 -bash tkf 10951 0.0 0.0 4896 992 pts/1 T 15:18 0:00 tar -cjPp -f ./home.bz2 /home tkf 10952 0.0 0.3 9156 7792 pts/1 T 15:18 0:01 bzip2
查看ps axjf [tkf@localhost tmp]$ ps axjf PPID PID PGID SID TTY TPGID STAT UID TIME COMMAND 1 10691 4628 4628 ? -1 Sl 0 0:06 gnome-terminal 10691 10694 4628 4628 ? -1 S 0 0:00 \_ gnome-pty-helper 10691 10695 10695 10695 pts/1 11743 Ss 0 0:00 \_ bash 10695 10893 10893 10695 pts/1 11743 S 0 0:00 \_ su -l tkf 10893 10894 10894 10695 pts/1 11743 S 500 0:00 \_ -bash 10894 10951 10951 10695 pts/1 11743 T 500 0:00 \_ tar -cjPp -f ./home.bz2 /home 10951 10952 10951 10695 pts/1 11743 T 500 0:01 | \_ bzip2
动态进程查看(top)
举例:[tkf@localhost ~]$ top top - 10:08:12 up 55 min, 2 users, load average: 0.01, 0.01, 0.00 Tasks: 162 total, 1 running, 160 sleeping, 0 stopped, 1 zombie Cpu(s): 1.5%us, 0.7%sy, 0.0%ni, 97.7%id, 0.0%wa, 0.2%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0 Mem: 2074908k total, 640268k used, 1434640k free, 41856k buffers Swap: 1020088k total, 0k used, 1020088k free, 387260k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 4784 root 15 0 64580 17m 10m S 5.4 0.9 0:06.63 gnome-terminal 4502 root 16 0 148m 11m 5964 S 0.6 0.6 0:12.18 Xorg
进程树查看(pstree)
[tkf@localhost ~]$ pstree -Apu init(1)-+-/usr/bin/sealer(4774) |-acpid(3891) |-atd(4227) |-auditd(3599)-+-audispd(3601)---{audispd}(3602) | `-{auditd}(3600) |-automount(3994)-+-{automount}(3995) | |-{automount}(3996) | |-{automount}(3999) | `-{automount}(4002)
进程的管理
设置进程优先级(nice)
[root@localhost ~]# nice -n 4 vim & [1] 11467 [root@localhost ~]# ps -l|grep 'vim' F S UID PID PPID C PRI NI ADDR SZ WCHAN TTY TIME CMD 0 T 0 11467 10202 0 81 4 - 2525 finish pts/1 00:00:00 vim [root@localhost ~]# renice -6 $(ps -l|grep 'vim'|awk '{print $4}') 11467: old priority 4, new priority -6 [root@localhost ~]# ps -l|grep 'vim' 0 T 0 11467 10202 0 71 -6 - 2525 finish pts/1 00:00:00 vim
查询文件|目录与进程使用关系
查询文件被哪个进程使用(fuser)
[root@localhost tmp]# tar -jtv -f ./etc.tar.bz2 > ./newfile.txt = >按下 ctrl+z 工作在后台暂停 [1]+ Stopped tar -jtv -f ./etc.tar.bz2 > ./newfile.txt [root@localhost tmp]# fuser -uv ./etc.tar.bz2 USER PID ACCESS COMMAND ./etc.tar.bz2: root 11822 f.... (root)bzip2 = >这个文件正在被11822这个进程所使用
查询进程正在使用的文件(lsof)
[root@localhost tmp]# lsof |grep '^tar' COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME tar 11821 root cwd DIR 8,2 4096 745569 /tmp tar 11821 root rtd DIR 8,2 4096 2 / tar 11821 root txt REG 8,2 229652 1199406 /bin/tar …….. tar 11821 root 2u CHR 136,1 0t0 3 /dev/pts/1 tar 11821 root 3r FIFO 0,6 0t0 38124 pipe