Oracle备份恢复二(手动完全恢复)
1.Mount状态恢复步骤
1.启动数据库到mount状态
SQL>startup mount;
SQL>startup force mount; |
2.转储备份的数据文件
SQL>! cp ‘backup.dbf’ ‘/xxx/aaa’ |
3.恢复数据文件
SQL>recover datafile file#
SQL>recover from ‘/u01/oracle/xxx.log’ datafile file#
SQL>recover database databasename |
4.恢复数据库为open状态
SQL> alter database open;
Database altered. |
2.open状态恢复步骤
1,数据库到open状态,损坏的数据文件脱机
SQL>startup mount;
SQL>startup force mount;
SQL>select file#,error from v$recover_file;
SQL>alter database datafile file# offline;
SQL>alter database open |
SQL>select file#,error from v$recover_file ;
SQL>alter database datafile file# offline; |
2.转储备份的数据文件
SQL>! cp ‘backup.dbf’ ‘/xxx/aaa’ |
3.恢复数据文件
SQL>recover datafile file#
SQL>recover from ‘/u01/oracle/xxx.log’ datafile file#
SQL>recover tablespace tablespacename; |
4.数据文件联机
SQL>alter database datafile file# online; |
3.实例
1.mount状态恢复system表空间
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
SQL> create table t(i number) tablespace system;
SQL> insert into t values(1);
SQL> insert into t values(2);
SQL> insert into t values(3);
SQL> commit;
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
SQL> select * from t;
I
-------------------
1
2
3 |
SQL> shutdown immediate;
SQL> ! mv /u01/oradata/denver/system01.dbf /u01/oradata/denver/system01.dbf.bak |
SQL> startup;
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 1 - see DBWR trace file
ORA-01110: data file 1: '/u01/oradata/denver/system01.dbf'
SQL> select status from v$instance;
STATUS
------------
MOUNTED
#只能启动到mounted状态 |
SQL> col error format a30
SQL> select file#,error,change# from v$recover_file;
FILE# ERROR CHANGE#
---------- ------------------------------ -------------------------------------
1 FILE NOT FOUND 0 |
SQL> col archive_name format a30
SQL> select sequence#,archive_name from v$recovery_log;
SEQUENCE# ARCHIVE_NAME
------------------- ----------------------------------------------
29 /u01/oradata/denver/archive/1_29.dbf
#只要归档日志1_29.dbf还存在就能恢复 |
SQL> ! cp /u01/backup/system01.dbf /u01/oradata/denver/
SQL> select file#,error,change# from v$recover_file;
FILE# ERROR CHANGE#
---------- ------------------------------ ------------------------------------------
1 1661187 |
#1_29.dbf不在默认归档目录下
SQL> recover from '/u01/oradata/denver/archive/1_29.dbf datafile 1;
#1_29.dbf在默认归档目录下
SQL> recover datafile 1;
ORA-00279: change 1661187 generated at 05/05/2009 21:51:54 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion : /u01/oradata/denver/archive/1_29.dbf
ORA-00280: change 1661187 for thread 1 is in sequence #29
Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
auto
Log applied.
Media recovery complete. |
SQL> alter database open;
Database altered.
SQL> select * from t;
I
--------------------
1
2
3
#可见恢复成功了 |
2.openu状态恢复未备份的数据文件
SQL> create tablespace chenxy datafile '/u01/oradata/denver/chenxy.dbf' size 2M;
SQL> create table chenxy(i number) tablespace chenxy;
SQL> insert into chenxy values(10);
SQL> insert into chenxy values(20);
SQL> commit;
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
SQL> select * from chenxy;
I
-------------------
10
20 |
SQL> ! mv /u01/oradata/denver/chenxy.dbf /u01/oradata/denver/chenxy.dbf.bak; |
SQL> select * from chenxy;
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00376: file 13 cannot be read at this time
ORA-01110: data file 13: '/u01/oradata/denver/chenxy.dbf' |
SQL> select file#,error,change# from v$recover_file;
FILE# ERROR CHANGE#
-------------- ------------------------------------------------------------- ----------
13 FILE NOT FOUND 0
SQL> select status from v$datafile where file#=13;
STATUS
-------
RECOVER |
SQL> alter database datafile 13 offline;
#如果有备份的数据文件
SQL>! cp backup.dbf '/u01/oradata/denver/chenxy.dbf';
#l因为没有备份,现在用控制文件新建数据文件
SQL> alter database create datafile '/u01/oradata/denver/chenxy.dbf';
SQL> select file#,error,change# from v$recover_file;
FILE# ERROR CHANGE#
---------- ------------------------------ ----------------------------------------
13 1662171 |
SQL> recover datafile 13;
Media recovery complete.
SQL> alter database datafile 13 online; |
SQL> select * from chenxy;
I
--------------------
10
20 |
其它
recover database 用来恢复整个数据库的所有数据文件,只能在mount状态运行
recover tablespace 用来恢复某个表空间的所有数据文件,只能在open状态运行
recover datafile 用来恢复某个数据文件,在mount,open状态都可以运行 |
v$recover_file 显示需要恢复的数据文件
v$recovery_log 显示恢复所需的归档日志,如果恢复所需的日志丢了,也就别想恢复了,
v$archived_log 显示所有的归档日志
v$loghist 显示归档日志SCN信息 |