主从复制实验
#用脚本安装方式，安装二进制数据库，准备主从初始化数据库
[root@rocky8 ~]#bash install_mysql5.7or8.0.sh
开始安装MySQL数据库...
安装相关包完成! [ OK ]
数据库安装完成 [ OK ]
主节点配置
#新增server-id配置
[root@master ~]#vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
server-id=11
#调整二进制日志存放路径，新增如下配置
[root@master data]#vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
log-bin=/data/binlog/mysql-bin
#重启服务
[root@master data]#systemctl restart mysqld.service
#查看二进制文件
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000004 | 157 | | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
#创建复制用户并授权允许复制权限
mysql> create user repluser@'10.0.0.%' identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to repluser@'10.0.0.%';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
#由于主服务器已运行一段时间，则需导出数据至从服务器导入
[root@master data]#mysqldump -A -F --single-transaction --master-data=1 >/data/backup/fullbackup_`date +%F`.sql
WARNING: --master-data is deprecated and will be removed in a future version. Use --source-data instead.
[root@master backup]#ll
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1269798 Nov 12 20:33 fullbackup_2022-11-12.sql
#拷贝至远程从节点
[root@master backup]#scp fullbackup_2022-11-12.sql 10.0.0.7:/data
root@10.0.0.7's password:
fullbackup_2022-11-12.sql 100% 1240KB 136.9MB/s 00:00
从节点配置
#新增server-id以及设置只读节点
[root@slave ~]#vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
server-id=7
read-only
#新增存放二进制日志目录，并更改属主
[root@slave data]#mkdir binlog
[root@slave data]#chown mysql.mysql binlog/
#修改二进制日志存放位置
[root@slave data]#vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
log-bin=/data/binlog/mysql_binlog
#重启mysql服务
[root@slave data]#systemctl restart mysqld.service
#查看日志位置已更改
[root@slave data]#ll binlog/
total 8
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 157 Nov 12 20:19 mysql_binlog.000001
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 33 Nov 12 20:19 mysql_binlog.index
#配置从节点，从完全备份的位置之后开始复制，找到CHANGE MASTER字段插入如下MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.11',MASTER_USER='repluser', MASTER_PASSWORD='123456', MASTER_PORT=3306
[root@slave data]#grep '^CHANGE MASTER' /data/fullbackup_2022-11-12.sql
CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000006', MASTER_LOG_POS=157;
[root@slave data]#vim /data/fullbackup_2022-11-12.sql
CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.11',MASTER_USER='repluser', MASTER_PASSWORD='123456', MASTER_PORT=3306,
MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000006', MASTER_LOG_POS=157;
#恢复数据
[root@slave data]#mysql -uroot -p123456< fullbackup_2022-11-12.sql
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@slave data]#mysql -uroot -p123456
Server version: 8.0.30 MySQL Community Server - GPL
mysql>
mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State:
Master_Host: 10.0.0.11
Master_User: repluser
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000006
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 157
Relay_Log_File: slave-relay-bin.000001
Relay_Log_Pos: 4
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000006
Slave_IO_Running: No
Slave_SQL_Running: No
...................
#开始从节点复制
mysql> start slave
-> ;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)
#提示有一个告警，查看为密码加密规则问题，但是主从复制正常
mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Connecting to source
Master_Host: 10.0.0.11
Master_User: repluser
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000006
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 157
Relay_Log_File: slave-relay-bin.000001
Relay_Log_Pos: 4
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000006
Slave_IO_Running: Connecting #IO线程运行正常，该线程为与主节点的slave线程通信
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes #sql中继线程运行正常，该线程为读取同步过来的二进制日志进行数据库重写；
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 157
Relay_Log_Space: 157
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: NULL
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 2061
Last_IO_Error: error connecting to master 'repluser@10.0.0.11:3306' - retry-time: 60 retries: 1 message: Authentication plugin 'caching_sha2_password' reported error: Authentication requires secure connection.
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 0
Master_UUID:
Master_Info_File: mysql.slave_master_info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Replica has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: 221112 20:47:34
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 0
Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
Channel_Name:
Master_TLS_Version:
Master_public_key_path:
Get_master_public_key: 0
Network_Namespace:
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
#主节点上修改同步账号密码插件
mysql> alter user repluser@'10.0.0.%' identified with mysql_native_password by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
#再次启动从节点
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)
mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for source to send event
Master_Host: 10.0.0.11
Master_User: repluser
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000006
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 450
Relay_Log_File: slave-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 619
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000006
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 450
Relay_Log_Space: 829
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 11
Master_UUID: 3798c7dc-6269-11ed-9c1b-000c29c614e5
Master_Info_File: mysql.slave_master_info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Replica has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 0
Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
Channel_Name:
Master_TLS_Version:
Master_public_key_path:
Get_master_public_key: 0
Network_Namespace:
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.01 sec)
验证
#主节点插入数据，教师表插入2行数据，学生表删除1行数据
mysql> select * from teachers;
+-----+---------------+-----+--------+
| TID | Name | Age | Gender |
+-----+---------------+-----+--------+
| 1 | Song Jiang | 45 | M |
| 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | 94 | M |
| 3 | Miejue Shitai | 77 | F |
| 4 | Lin Chaoying | 93 | F |
| 5 | Hong Qigong | 70 | M |
| 6 | Xiao Longnv | 18 | F |
+-----+---------------+-----+--------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from students;
+-------+---------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+
| StuID | Name | Age | Gender | ClassID | TeacherID |
+-------+---------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+
..............................................................
| 25 | Sun Dasheng | 100 | M | NULL | NULL |
+-------+---------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+
25 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert teachers(name,age,gender) values ('Zhou Botong',88,'M'),('Li Mochou',55,'F');
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> delete from students where stuid=25;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from teachers;
+-----+---------------+-----+--------+
| TID | Name | Age | Gender |
+-----+---------------+-----+--------+
| 1 | Song Jiang | 45 | M |
| 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | 94 | M |
| 3 | Miejue Shitai | 77 | F |
| 4 | Lin Chaoying | 93 | F |
| 5 | Hong Qigong | 70 | M |
| 6 | Xiao Longnv | 18 | F |
| 7 | Zhou Botong | 88 | M |
| 8 | Li Mochou | 55 | F |
+-----+---------------+-----+--------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from students;
+-------+---------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+
| StuID | Name | Age | Gender | ClassID | TeacherID |
+-------+---------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+
..............................................................
| 24 | Xu Xian | 27 | M | NULL | NULL |
+-------+---------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+
24 rows in set (0.00 sec)
#从节点查看数据
mysql> select * from teachers;
+-----+---------------+-----+--------+
| TID | Name | Age | Gender |
+-----+---------------+-----+--------+
| 1 | Song Jiang | 45 | M |
| 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | 94 | M |
| 3 | Miejue Shitai | 77 | F |
| 4 | Lin Chaoying | 93 | F |
| 5 | Hong Qigong | 70 | M |
| 6 | Xiao Longnv | 18 | F |
| 7 | Zhou Botong | 88 | M |
| 8 | Li Mochou | 55 | F |
+-----+---------------+-----+--------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from students;
+-------+---------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+
| StuID | Name | Age | Gender | ClassID | TeacherID |
+-------+---------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+
..............................................................
| 24 | Xu Xian | 27 | M | NULL | NULL |
+-------+---------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+
24 rows in set (0.00 sec)
#主节点删除toc表
实验问题点：
做此实验时出现一次误操作，在从节点上删除了一个toc表，为避免后续该问题，可在从节点新增如下配置
#从节点误操作删除了toc表
mysql> drop tables toc;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> show tables;
+-------------------+
| Tables_in_hellodb |
+-------------------+
| classes |
| courses |
| scores |
| students |
| teachers |
+-------------------+
5 rows in set (0.01 sec)
#从节点新增管理员只读配置
[root@rocky8 ~]#vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
super_read_only=ON
#重启服务
[root@rocky8 ~]#systemctl restart mysqld.service
#验证已无法删除
mysql> drop tables scores;
ERROR 1290 (HY000): The MySQL server is running with the --super-read-only option so it cannot execute this statement
由于未设置从节点禁止操作数据库，导致删除库之后，主从节点数据不同步出现问题，这时候可通过重新指定二进制日志位置进行同步
#主从不同步报错
mysql> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State:
Master_Host: 10.0.0.11
Master_User: repluser
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000009
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 157
Relay_Log_File: slave-relay-bin.000004
Relay_Log_Pos: 326
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000006
Slave_IO_Running: No
Slave_SQL_Running: No
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 1051
Last_Error: Coordinator stopped because there were error(s) in the worker(s). The most recent failure being: Worker 1 failed executing transaction 'ANONYMOUS' at master log mysql-bin.000006, end_log_pos 1296. See error log and/or performance_schema.replication_applier_status_by_worker table for more details about this failure or others, if any.
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 1085
Relay_Log_Space: 5906
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: NULL
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 13114
Last_IO_Error: Got fatal error 1236 from master when reading data from binary log: 'Could not find first log file name in binary log index file'
Last_SQL_Errno: 1051
Last_SQL_Error: Coordinator stopped because there were error(s) in the worker(s). The most recent failure being: Worker 1 failed executing transaction 'ANONYMOUS' at master log mysql-bin.000006, end_log_pos 1296. See error log and/or performance_schema.replication_applier_status_by_worker table for more details about this failure or others, if any.
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 11
Master_UUID: 3798c7dc-6269-11ed-9c1b-000c29c614e5
Master_Info_File: mysql.slave_master_info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State:
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: 221112 21:36:46
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: 221112 21:36:46
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 0
Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
Channel_Name:
Master_TLS_Version:
Master_public_key_path:
Get_master_public_key: 0
Network_Namespace:
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.01 sec)
#解决方式，先停止从节点同步，而后重新指定主节点二进制日志位置
mysql> stop slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.00 sec)
mysql> change master to master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001',master_log_pos=157;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 3 warnings (0.01 sec)
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)
#查看同步已恢复
mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for source to send event
Master_Host: 10.0.0.11
Master_User: repluser
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 767
Relay_Log_File: slave-relay-bin.000004
Relay_Log_Pos: 630
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 767
Relay_Log_Space: 1495
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 11
Master_UUID: 3798c7dc-6269-11ed-9c1b-000c29c614e5
Master_Info_File: mysql.slave_master_info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Replica has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 0
Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
Channel_Name:
Master_TLS_Version:
Master_public_key_path:
Get_master_public_key: 0
Network_Namespace:
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
