Linux-通配符
作用：通配符主要应用匹配文件名,而正则主要应用匹配字符串
常用通配符 * ? ^ [] {} 等等
符号 | 描述 |
* | 表示匹配任意字符 |
? | 表示匹配任意一个字符 |
[a-z] | 表示匹配a-z任意一个字母 |
[^ab] | 表示匹配除了a或b之外的任意一个字母(取反操作) |
[!ab] | 表示匹配除了a或b之外的任意一个字母(取反操作) |
{a,b} | 表示匹配a或b(一组表达式的组合,以逗号分隔,且不能有空格) |
{a..c} | 表示匹配a-c任意一个字母(生成序列) |
# 核查所有文件
[root@ /cdly/awk]# ls *
a_1:
a_2:
a_3:
b_1:
b_2:
b_3:
c_1:
c_2:
c_3:
# 核查以a_开头的文件
[root@ /cdly/awk]# ls a_?
a_1:
a_2:
a_3:
# 核查文件中包含a或者b的文件
[root@ /cdly/cdly]# ls [a-b]*
a_1:
a_2:
a_3:
b_1:
b_2:
b_3:
# 核查文件中不包含a或b的文件
[root@ /cdly/cdly]# ls [^a-b]*
c_1:
c_2:
c_3:
# 核查a_1,a_2两个文件
[root@ /cdly/cdly]# ls a_{1,2}
a_1:
a_2:
Linux-特殊符号 (man ascii)
[root@ ~]# man ascii
ASCII(7) Linux Programmer’s Manual ASCII(7)
NAME
ascii - the ASCII character set encoded in octal, decimal, and hexadecimal
DESCRIPTION
ASCII is the American Standard Code for Information Interchange. It is a 7-bit code. Many 8-bit codes
(such as ISO 8859-1, the Linux default character set) contain ASCII as their lower half. The interna-
tional counterpart of ASCII is known as ISO 646.
The following table contains the 128 ASCII characters.
C program ’\X’ escapes are noted.
Oct Dec Hex Char Oct Dec Hex Char
------------------------------------------------------------------------
000 0 00 NUL ’\0’ 100 64 40 @
001 1 01 SOH (start of heading) 101 65 41 A
002 2 02 STX (start of text) 102 66 42 B
003 3 03 ETX (end of text) 103 67 43 C
004 4 04 EOT (end of transmission) 104 68 44 D
005 5 05 ENQ (enquiry) 105 69 45 E
006 6 06 ACK (acknowledge) 106 70 46 F
007 7 07 BEL ’\a’ (bell) 107 71 47 G
010 8 08 BS ’\b’ (backspace) 110 72 48 H
011 9 09 HT ’\t’ (horizontal tab) 111 73 49 I
012 10 0A LF ’\n’ (new line) 112 74 4A J
013 11 0B VT ’\v’ (vertical tab) 113 75 4B K
014 12 0C FF ’\f’ (form feed) 114 76 4C L
015 13 0D CR ’\r’ (carriage ret) 115 77 4D M
016 14 0E SO (shift out) 116 78 4E N
017 15 0F SI (shift in) 117 79 4F O
020 16 10 DLE (data link escape) 120 80 50 P
021 17 11 DC1 (device control 1) 121 81 51 Q
022 18 12 DC2 (device control 2) 122 82 52 R
023 19 13 DC3 (device control 3) 123 83 53 S
024 20 14 DC4 (device control 4) 124 84 54 T
025 21 15 NAK (negative ack.) 125 85 55 U
026 22 16 SYN (synchronous idle) 126 86 56 V
027 23 17 ETB (end of trans. blk) 127 87 57 W
030 24 18 CAN (cancel) 130 88 58 X
031 25 19 EM (end of medium) 131 89 59 Y
032 26 1A SUB (substitute) 132 90 5A Z
033 27 1B ESC (escape) 133 91 5B [
034 28 1C FS (file separator) 134 92 5C \ ’\\’
035 29 1D GS (group separator) 135 93 5D ]
036 30 1E RS (record separator) 136 94 5E ^
037 31 1F US (unit separator) 137 95 5F _
040 32 20 SPACE 140 96 60 `
041 33 21 ! 141 97 61 a
042 34 22 " 142 98 62 b
043 35 23 # 143 99 63 c
044 36 24 $ 144 100 64 d
045 37 25 % 145 101 65 e
046 38 26 & 146 102 66 f
047 39 27 ’ 147 103 67 g
050 40 28 ( 150 104 68 h
051 41 29 ) 151 105 69 i
052 42 2A * 152 106 6A j
053 43 2B + 153 107 6B k
054 44 2C , 154 108 6C l
055 45 2D - 155 109 6D m
056 46 2E . 156 110 6E n
057 47 2F / 157 111 6F o
060 48 30 0 160 112 70 p
061 49 31 1 161 113 71 q
062 50 32 2 162 114 72 r
063 51 33 3 163 115 73 s
064 52 34 4 164 116 74 t
065 53 35 5 165 117 75 u
066 54 36 6 166 118 76 v
067 55 37 7 167 119 77 w
070 56 38 8 170 120 78 x
071 57 39 9 171 121 79 y
072 58 3A : 172 122 7A z
073 59 3B ; 173 123 7B {
074 60 3C < 174 124 7C |
075 61 3D = 175 125 7D }
076 62 3E > 176 126 7E ~
077 63 3F ? 177 127 7F DEL
HISTORY
An ascii manual page appeared in Version 7 of AT&T UNIX.
On older terminals, the underscore code is displayed as a left arrow, called backarrow, the caret is
displayed as an up-arrow and the vertical bar has a hole in the middle.
Uppercase and lowercase characters differ by just one bit and the ASCII character 2 differs from the
double quote by just one bit, too. That made it much easier to encode characters mechanically or with
a non-microcontroller-based electronic keyboard and that pairing was found on old teletypes.
The ASCII standard was published by the United States of America Standards Institute (USASI) in 1968.
SEE ALSO
iso_8859-1(7), iso_8859-15(7), iso_8859-16(7), iso_8859-2(7), iso_8859-7(7), iso_8859-9(7)
TABLES
For convenience, let us give more compact tables in hex and decimal.
2 3 4 5 6 7 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
------------- ---------------------------------
0: 0 @ P ‘ p 0: ( 2 < F P Z d n x
1: ! 1 A Q a q 1: ) 3 = G Q [ e o y
2: " 2 B R b r 2: * 4 > H R \ f p z
3: # 3 C S c s 3: ! + 5 ? I S ] g q {
4: $ 4 D T d t 4: " , 6 @ J T ^ h r |
5: % 5 E U e u 5: # - 7 A K U _ i s }
6: & 6 F V f v 6: $ . 8 B L V ‘ j t ~
7: ’ 7 G W g w 7: % / 9 C M W a k u DEL
8: ( 8 H X h x 8: & 0 : D N X b l v
9: ) 9 I Y i y 9: ’ 1 ; E O Y c m w
A: * : J Z j z
B: + ; K [ k {
C: , < L \ l |
D: - = M ] m }
E: . > N ^ n ~
F: / ? O _ o DEL
字符串 | 描述 | 八进制 |
\0 | (ASCII: 0)匹配一个"NUL"字符,即空字符 | \000 |
\a | (ASCII: 7)匹配一个"BEL"字符,即一个"蜂鸣警告" | \007 |
\b | (ASCII: 8)匹配一个"BS" 字符,即回退删除键 | \010 |
\t | (ASCII: 9)匹配一个"HT" 字符,即水平制表符,Tab键 | \011 |
\n | (ASCII:10)匹配一个"LF" 字符,即换行符 | \012 |
\v | (ASCII:11)匹配一个"VT" 字符,即垂直制表符 | \013 |
\f | (ASCII:12)匹配一个"FF" 字符,即分页符,换页 | \014 |
\r | (ASCII:13)匹配一个"CR" 字符,即回车符 | \015 |
\c | 取消行末之换行符号 | |
\E | ESCAPE跳脱键 | |
\xNN | 转换NN数字成为字符 | |
\' | 在双引号里只用单引号即可 | |
\" | 双引号 | |
\\ | 反斜杠 | |
\? | 问号字符 |
[root@ /cdly/awk]# awk 'BEGIN{printf "test01\btest02\btest03\n" }' # 输出：test0test0test03
[root@ /cdly/awk]# awk 'BEGIN{printf "test01\ttest02\ttest03\n" }' # 输出：test01 test02 test03
[root@ /cdly/awk]# awk 'BEGIN{printf "test01\vtest02\vtest03\n" }' # 每个字段后面使用垂直制表符
test01
test02
test03
[root@ /cdly/awk]# awk 'BEGIN{printf "test01\rtest02\rtest03\n" }' # 输出：test03 (在当前打印的字段的基础上,打印下一个字段;这就意味着,最后只能看到"test03"因为其他的字段都被覆盖掉了)
