python系列教程170——help函数
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Python配备了一个help函数,使文档字符串更易于显示。help函数会将其格式化成各种类型的排列友好的形式。
>>>import sys
>>>help(sys.getrefcount)
Help on built-in function getrefcount in module sys:
getrefcount(...)
getrefcount(object) -> integer
Return the reference count of object.The count returned is generally
one higher than you might expect,because it includes the (temporary)
...more omitted...
就较大对象而言,诸如,模块和类,help显示内容会分成几段。
>>>help(sys)
Help on built-in module sys:
NAME
sys
FILE
(built-in)
MODULE DOCS
http://docs.python.org/library/sys
DESCRIPTION
This module provides access to some objects used or maintained by the
interpreter and to functions that interact strongly with the interpreter.
...more omitted...
FUNCTIONS
__displayhook__ = displayhook(...)
displayhook(object) -> None
Print an object to sys.stdout and also save it in builtins.
...more omitted...
DATA
__stderr__ = <io.TextIOWrapper object at 0x0236E950>
__stdin__ = <io.TextIOWrapper object at 0x02366550>
__stdout__ = <io.TextIOWrapper object at 0x02366E30>
...more omitted...
你也可以对内置函数、方法以及类型使用help。要取得内置类型的help信息,就使用其类型名称(例如,字典为dict,字符串为str,列表为list)。
>>>help(dict)
Help on class dict in module builtins:
class dict(object)
| dict() -> new empty dictionary.
| dict(mapping) -> new dictionary initialized from a mapping object's
...more omitted...
>>>help(str.replace)
Help on method_descriptor:
replace(...)
S.replace (old,new[,count]) -> str
Return a copy of S with all occurrences of substring
...more omitted...
>>>help(ord)
Help on built-in function ord in module builtins:
ord(...)
ord(c) -> integer
Return the integer ordinal of a one-character string.
最后,help函数也能用在模块上,就像内置工具一样。
>>>import docstrings
>>>help(docstrings.square)
Help on function square in module docstrings:
square(x)
function documentation
can we have your liver then?
>>>help(docstrings.Employee)
Help on class Employee in module docstrings:
class Employee(builtins.object)
| class documentation
|
| Data descriptors defined here:
...more omitted...
>>>help(docstrings)
Help on module docstrings:
NAME
docstrings
FILE
c:\misc\docstrings.py
DESCRIPTION
Module documentation
Words Go Here
CLASSES
builtins.object
Employee
class Employee(builtins.object)
| class documentation
|
| Data descriptors defined here:
...more omitted...
FUNCTIONS
square(x)
function documentation
can we have your liver then?
DATA
spam = 40