rhel5之postfix邮件服务器基本应用配置

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candon123 2009-04-07 22:07:18 博主文章分类：Linux ©著作权

文章标签 服务器邮件应用休闲 postfix 文章分类 服务器

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这里只讲postfix的配置，dovecot的配置请参见我的另一篇日志：

rhel5之sendmail、dovecot配置

一、安装：

[root@server2 ~]# yum -y install postfix wireshark

停止、禁止sendmail服务:

[root@server2 ~]# service sendmail stop

[root@server2 ~]# chkconfig sendmail off

指定postfix作为你的MTA:

[root@server2 ~]# alternatives --config mta

There are 2 programs which provide 'mta'.

Selection    Command
-----------------------------------------------
*+ 1           /usr/sbin/sendmail.sendmail
   2           /usr/sbin/sendmail.postfix

Enter to keep the current selection[+], or type selection number: 2

启动postfix服务：

[root@server2 ~]# service postfix start

[root@server2 ~]# chkconfig postfix on

二、配置：

postfix的配置文件是main.cf,位于/etc/postfix目录下：

[root@server2 postfix]# ls
access canonical header_checks main.cf makedefs.out postfix-files post-install TLS_LICENSE virtual
bounce.cf.default generic LICENSE main.cf.default master.cf postfix-script relocated transport

编辑main.cf文件：

[root@server2 postfix]# vi main.cf

找到以下行，大概位于69行：

#myhostname = host.domain.tld，修改为你自己的主机名，我这里是：

myhostname = rhel5.com.cn

在第78行：

#mydomain = domain.tld修改为：

mydomain = rhel5.com.cn

修改第112行：

将#inet_interfaces = localhost行改为你的IP地址，我的如下：

inet_interfaces = 192.168.1.12, 127.0.0.1

修改第157行：

mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain, localhost改为如下：

mydestination =$myhostname, localhost.$mydomain, localhost, mail.$mydomain

去掉第94,95行的注释符号：

myorigin = $myhostname

myorigin = $mydomain

三、测试：

在windows上telnet server2的25端口：

成功！

使用outlook express测试收发信件！

查看maillog日志文件：

Apr 7 19:50:33 server2 postfix/smtpd[29921]: connect from xzxj[192.168.1.156]
Apr 7 19:53:09 server2 postfix/smtpd[29927]: connect from xzxj[192.168.1.156]
Apr 7 19:53:09 server2 postfix/smtpd[29927]: AC51F4FA23: client=xzxj[192.168.1.156]
Apr 7 19:53:09 server2 postfix/cleanup[29929]: AC51F4FA23: message-id=<E4BBD8CF849B480BAE4B236BC3AC483B@xzxj>
Apr 7 19:53:09 server2 postfix/smtpd[29927]: disconnect from xzxj[192.168.1.156]
Apr 7 19:53:09 server2 postfix/qmgr[29899]: AC51F4FA23: from=<student1@rhel5.com.cn>, size=1493, nrcpt=1 (queue active)
Apr 7 19:53:09 server2 postfix/local[29930]: AC51F4FA23: to=<student2@rhel5.com.cn>, relay=local, delay=0.12, delays=0.08/0.03/0/0.01, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (delivered to mailbox)
Apr 7 19:53:09 server2 postfix/qmgr[29899]: AC51F4FA23: removed

收信:

ok,postfix的基本配置已完成了。

四、开启 postfix的SASL and PAM认证：

编辑/etc/postfix/main.cf文件，加入以下行：

smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes                         //启用sasl验证
smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous    //设定验证机制，拒绝匿名用户
broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes                         //

smtpd_recipient_restrictions =
permit_sasl_authenticated,
permit_mynetworks,
reject_unauth_destination

启动saslauthd进程：
[root@server2 postfix]# service saslauthd start

[root@server2 postfix]# chkconfig saslauthd on

[root@server2 postfix]# chkconfig --list saslauthd
saslauthd 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off

接着是设置PAM认证：

编辑 /etc/sysconfig/saslauthd文件，设置如下：

MECH=pam

重启postfix服务程序：

[root@server2 postfix]#service postfix restart

Shutting down postfix: [ OK ]
Starting postfix: [ OK ]

五、让postfix支持ssl加密认证：

1)、创建smtpd.pem文件:

[root@server2 ~]#cd /etc/postfix

[root@server2 postfix]#openssl req -new -x509 -nodes -out smtpd.pem -keyout smtpd.pem -days 3650或者:

[root@server2 postfix]#make –C /etc/pki/tls/certs smtpd.pem

[root@server2 postfix]# ll
total 336
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 17832 Aug 11 2008 access
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3550 Aug 11 2008 bounce.cf.default
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 11175 Aug 11 2008 canonical
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9920 Aug 11 2008 generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 16838 Aug 11 2008 header_checks
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 11942 Aug 11 2008 LICENSE
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 27493 Apr 7 21:31 main.cf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 17981 Aug 11 2008 main.cf.default
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 958 Aug 11 2008 makedefs.out
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4134 Apr 7 21:23 master.cf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 17639 Aug 11 2008 postfix-files
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 6366 Aug 11 2008 postfix-script
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 22564 Aug 11 2008 post-install
-rw------- 1 root root 1024 Apr 7 21:37 prng_exch
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6805 Aug 11 2008 relocated
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2168 Apr 7 21:19 smtpd.pem
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1629 Aug 11 2008 TLS_LICENSE
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 12081 Aug 11 2008 transport
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 11984 Aug 11 2008 virtual

2)、编辑/etc/postfix/main.cf文件，加入以下内容：

smtp_use_tls = yes
smtpd_use_tls = yes
smtp_tls_note_starttls_offer = yes
smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/postfix/smtpd.pem
smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/postfix/smtpd.pem
smtpd_tls_CAfile = /etc/postfix/smtpd.pem
smtpd_tls_loglevel = 1
smtpd_tls_received_header = yes
smtpd_tls_session_cache_timeout = 3600s
tls_random_source = dev:/dev/urandom

保存退出！

3)、编辑/etc/postfix/master.cf文件，确认以下内容没有被注释掉：

smtps inet n - n - - smtpd
-o smtpd_tls_wrappermode=yes
-o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes

这里对应的端口是465端口，如果还存在以下内容的话，则系统会同时打开25端口的:

smtp inet n - n - - smtpd

注释掉此行的话，系统只打开465端口！

4)、重启postfix服务：

[root@server2 postfix]# service postfix restart
Shutting down postfix: [ OK ]
Starting postfix: [ OK ]

5)、检查下相应的端口是否打开:

[root@server2 postfix]# netstat -nutpl
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address               Foreign Address             State       PID/Program name
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:2208              0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      3045/hpiod
tcp        0      0 192.168.1.12:993            0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      3119/dovecot
tcp        0      0 192.168.1.12:995            0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      3119/dovecot
tcp        0      0 192.168.1.12:110            0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      3119/dovecot
tcp        0      0 192.168.1.12:143            0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      3119/dovecot
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:111                 0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      2737/portmap
tcp        0      0 192.168.1.12:465            0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      13056/master
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:465               0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      13056/master
tcp        0      0 192.168.1.12:53             0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      2707/named
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:631               0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      3086/cupsd
tcp        0      0 192.168.1.12:25             0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      13056/master
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:25                0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      13056/master
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:953               0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      2707/named
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:2207              0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      3050/python
tcp        0      0 :::22                       :::*                        LISTEN      3070/sshd
tcp        0      0 ::1:953                     :::*                        LISTEN      2707/named
udp        0      0 192.168.1.12:53             0.0.0.0:*                               2707/named
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:69                  0.0.0.0:*                               3103/xinetd
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:35146               0.0.0.0:*                               2707/named
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:5353                0.0.0.0:*                               3329/avahi-daemon:
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:111                 0.0.0.0:*                               2737/portmap
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:631                 0.0.0.0:*                               3086/cupsd
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:50298               0.0.0.0:*                               3329/avahi-daemon:
udp        0      0 :::39057                    :::*                                    3329/avahi-daemon:
udp        0      0 :::58033                    :::*                                    2707/named
udp        0      0 :::5353                     :::*                                    3329/avahi-daemon:

6)、测试基于ssl的收发信件：

里面有一行250-STARTTLS内容，则说明，基于ssl的postfix已被正确配置了。

在windows上测试：

发信

收信

日志信息：

Apr 7 21:43:51 server2 postfix/postfix-script: starting the Postfix mail system
Apr 7 21:43:51 server2 postfix/master[12944]: daemon started -- version 2.3.3, configuration /etc/postfix
Apr 7 21:44:24 server2 postfix/smtpd[12949]: connect from xzxj[192.168.1.156]
Apr 7 21:44:55 server2 postfix/smtpd[12949]: lost connection after EHLO from xzxj[192.168.1.156]
Apr 7 21:44:55 server2 postfix/smtpd[12949]: disconnect from xzxj[192.168.1.156]
Apr 7 21:45:09 server2 postfix/smtpd[12949]: connect from xzxj[192.168.1.156]
Apr 7 21:47:14 server2 postfix/smtpd[12957]: connect from xzxj[192.168.1.156]
Apr 7 21:47:14 server2 postfix/smtpd[12957]: setting up TLS connection from xzxj[192.168.1.156]
Apr 7 21:47:14 server2 postfix/smtpd[12957]: TLS connection established from xzxj[192.168.1.156]: TLSv1 with cipher RC4-MD5 (128/128 bits)
Apr 7 21:47:14 server2 postfix/smtpd[12957]: 63D114FA2C: client=xzxj[192.168.1.156], sasl_method=LOGIN, sasl_username=student1
Apr 7 21:47:14 server2 postfix/cleanup[12961]: 63D114FA2C: message-id=<0C6E6AB0E4F2487F9D30F7E7A725A873@xzxj>
Apr 7 21:47:14 server2 postfix/smtpd[12957]: disconnect from xzxj[192.168.1.156]
Apr 7 21:47:14 server2 postfix/qmgr[12946]: 63D114FA2C: from=<student1@rhel5.com.cn>, size=1571, nrcpt=1 (queue active)
Apr 7 21:47:14 server2 postfix/local[12962]: 63D114FA2C: to=<student2@rhel5.com.cn>, relay=local, delay=0.07, delays=0.06/0.01/0/0, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (delivered to mailbox)
Apr 7 21:47:14 server2 postfix/qmgr[12946]: 63D114FA2C: removed

向126发送一份信试试能不能成功。

日志信息：

Apr 7 21:50:55 server2 postfix/smtpd[12977]: connect from xzxj[192.168.1.156]
Apr 7 21:50:55 server2 postfix/smtpd[12977]: setting up TLS connection from xzxj[192.168.1.156]
Apr 7 21:50:55 server2 postfix/smtpd[12977]: TLS connection established from xzxj[192.168.1.156]: TLSv1 with cipher RC4-MD5 (128/128 bits)
Apr 7 21:50:55 server2 postfix/smtpd[12977]: 187494FA30: client=xzxj[192.168.1.156], sasl_method=LOGIN, sasl_username=student1
Apr 7 21:50:55 server2 postfix/cleanup[12981]: 187494FA30: message-id=<3F7D65A39E134785BD3CBDFDDBCC424B@xzxj>
Apr 7 21:50:55 server2 postfix/smtpd[12977]: disconnect from xzxj[192.168.1.156]
Apr 7 21:50:55 server2 postfix/qmgr[12946]: 187494FA30: from=<student1@rhel5.com.cn>, size=2405, nrcpt=1 (queue active)
Apr 7 21:51:13 server2 postfix/smtp[12982]: 187494FA30: to=<candon123@126.com>, relay=126.mxmail.netease.com[220.181.15.200]:25, delay=19, delays=0.02/0/15/4.2, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (250 Mail OK queued as mx20,yMmowLDbVQGDWttJUJISPg--.3192S2 1239112329)
Apr 7 21:51:13 server2 postfix/qmgr[12946]: 187494FA30: removed