众所周知，WINForm 的 DataGrid 组件的功能强大而且灵活，作为一个数据库程序离开它可不行，但是dataGrid在设计期间采用“套用式样”的方式设计表格的外观并不够灵活，那有没有办法统一管理表格风格呢？答案是有。
作为数据表格的应用最重要的应该不是风格的颜色搭配，而是字段属性的格式化，要格式化每一列的数据显示值，比如说：dataGrid的记录集如果有个“日期时间”字段的话，就会发现，默认的话其实它只显示了日期部分，而时间被Format掉了，这样的话不能满足应用的需求。很多新手朋友也发过帖子询问如何显示出时间，本人也是属于新手行列，查阅了MSDN后编写了一个管理dataGrid 格式列和风格的类，它可以实现管理‘列宽、字体、标题名、格式类型、是否隐藏、行选、行只读、列只读’的基本功能。
先大致讲一下格式化列的原理。列的格式由DataGridTextBoxColumn的Format属性进行控制，Format 属性可以支持日期、货币、数值、文本等格式字符，具体信息可以参考MSDN:http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/CHS/cpref/html/frlrfSystemWindowsFormsDataGridTextBoxColumnClassFormatTopic.asp?frame=true。
这里演示格式化“日期时间”，代码：
DataGridTextBoxColumn gridColumn = DataGridTextBoxColumn();
gridColumn.Format=System.String.Format("yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss",gridColumn.TextBox);
类的基本流程：
现在我把类的源码贴上面，我不保证代码的一些做法是否合理与正确，仅供参考：
using System;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
namespace Grid.Service {
/** <summary>
/// 格式化字符串
/// </summary>
public enum FormatIndex{
Text = 0x0, //文本
Boolean, //是/否(钩选框)
Money, //货币(￥#0.00)
Numeric, //数值格式(#0.00)
RealNumber, //实数(0.000000)
LongDateTime, //长日期时间(yyyy年mm月dd日 hh:mm:ss)
DateTime, //日期时间(yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss)
LongDate, //长日期(yyyy-mm-dd)
ShortDate, //短日期(yy-mm-dd)
Time //时间(hh:mm:ss)
};
/** <summary>
/// StyleManager 的摘要说明。
/// DataGrid 的属性管理类
/// </summary>
public class StyleManager {
public static int lastSelectIndex = -1;
private DataGrid _dataGrid =null;
private DataTable _dataTable =null;
private bool _allowSelectedRow =false;
private int[] ReadonlyRows = null;
private bool isReadonlyRow = false;
private bool _dataGridReadonly = false;
public StyleManager(DataGrid dataGrid){
_dataGrid = dataGrid;
}
public StyleManager(){;}
[Category("Action")]
[Description("可操作的数据表格")]
public DataGrid @DataGrid{
get{return _dataGrid;}
set{
_dataGrid=value;
this._dataGrid.CurrentCellChanged -= new System.EventHandler(this.dataGrid_CurrentCellChanged);
if(this._allowSelectedRow){
if(_dataGrid!=null){
//修改事件
this._dataGrid.CurrentCellChanged += new System.EventHandler(this.dataGrid_CurrentCellChanged);
}
}
}
}
[Category("Data")]
[Description("要与数据表格绑定的数据源")]
public DataTable DataSource{
get{return _dataTable;}
set{_dataTable =(value as DataTable);}
}
[Category("Appearance")]
[Description("获取当前的表格风格")]
public DataGridTableStyle CurrentTableStyle{
get{return GetGridTableStyle();}
}
/** <summary>
/// 允许行选择模式
/// </summary>
[Category("Behavior")]
[Description("允许行选择模式")]
public bool AllowSelectedRow{
get{return _allowSelectedRow;}
set{
_allowSelectedRow =value;
this._dataGrid.CurrentCellChanged -= new System.EventHandler(this.dataGrid_CurrentCellChanged);
if(value){
if(_dataGrid!=null){
//修改事件
this._dataGrid.CurrentCellChanged += new System.EventHandler(this.dataGrid_CurrentCellChanged);
}
}
}
}
[Category("Behavior")]
[Description("表格只读，也可隐藏底部的新增行")]
public bool ReadOnly{
get{return _dataGridReadonly;}
set{_dataGridReadonly = value;}
}
/** <summary>
/// 行选择事件
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sender">对象</param>
/// <param name="e">事件参数</param>
private void dataGrid_CurrentCellChanged(object sender, System.EventArgs e) {
if(this.DataSource!=null){
try{
this._dataGrid.Select(this._dataGrid.CurrentRowIndex);
if(StyleManager.lastSelectIndex!=-1){
this._dataGrid.UnSelect(StyleManager.lastSelectIndex);
}
StyleManager.lastSelectIndex = this._dataGrid.CurrentRowIndex;
}catch{;}
}
//锁定表格行的算法
if(isReadonlyRow&&this.ReadonlyRows!=null){
this._dataGrid.ReadOnly = false;
if(this.ReadonlyRows.Length>0)
for(int i=0;i<ReadonlyRows.Length;i++){
if(this._dataGrid.CurrentRowIndex==ReadonlyRows[i]){
this._dataGrid.ReadOnly = true;
break;
}
}
}
if(_dataGridReadonly){
this._dataGrid.ReadOnly = true;
return;
}
}
/** <summary>
/// 设置列头风格
/// </summary>
/// <param name="HeaderFont">字体</param>
/// <param name="HeaderFontColor">文字颜色</param>
/// <returns>是否成功</returns>
public bool SetHeader(Font HeaderFont,Color HeaderFontColor){
try{
DataGridTableStyle currGTS = GetGridTableStyle();
if(currGTS==null){
throw new Exception("初始化表风格出错！");
}
currGTS.HeaderFont = HeaderFont;
currGTS.HeaderForeColor = HeaderFontColor;
return true;
}catch{
return false;
}
}
/** <summary>
/// 设置列头风格,默认黑色字体颜色
/// </summary>
/// <param name="HeaderFont">字体</param>
/// <returns>是否成功</returns>
public bool SetHeader(Font HeaderFont){
return SetHeader(HeaderFont,System.Drawing.Color.Black);
}
/** <summary>
/// 设置表格风格
/// </summary>
/// <param name="CaptionText">标题文本</param>
/// <param name="CaptionVisible">标题可视</param>
/// <param name="RowHeaderVisible">行头可视</param>
/// <returns>是否成功</returns>
public bool SetGrid(string CaptionText,bool CaptionVisible,bool RowHeaderVisible){
try{
DataGridTableStyle currGTS = GetGridTableStyle();
if(currGTS==null){
throw new Exception("初始化表风格出错！");
}
if(this._dataGrid==null){
throw new Exception("无可操作的表格对象！");
}
this._dataGrid.CaptionText = CaptionText;
this._dataGrid.CaptionVisible = CaptionVisible;
currGTS.RowHeadersVisible = RowHeaderVisible;
return true;
}catch{
return false;
}
}
/** <summary>
/// 根据数据类型获取列类型
/// </summary>
/// <param name="tp">数据类型</param>
/// <returns></returns>
private int getDataGridExColumn(Type tp){
if(tp==System.Type.GetType("System.Boolean")){
return 2;
}else if(tp==System.Type.GetType("System.DateTime")){
return 6;
}else if(tp==System.Type.GetType("System.Decimal")){
return 1;
}else if(tp==System.Type.GetType("System.Single")||tp==System.Type.GetType("System.Double")) {
return 3;
}else{
return 0;
}
}
/** <summary>
/// 获取默认默认风格
/// </summary>
/// <returns>表风格</returns>
private DataGridTableStyle GetGridTableStyle(){
try{
if (_dataGrid.TableStyles.Count<=0&&_dataTable==null)
throw new ArgumentNullException("数据源为空！");
if((_dataGrid.DataSource as DataTable)!=_dataTable){
_dataGrid.DataSource = _dataTable;
}
if(_dataGrid.TableStyles.Count<=0){
DataGridTableStyle style = new DataGridTableStyle();
style.MappingName = _dataTable.TableName;
foreach(DataColumn column in _dataTable.Columns) {
if(column.DataType==System.Type.GetType("System.Boolean")){
DataGridBoolColumn gridColumn = new DataGridBoolColumn();
gridColumn.TrueValue = true;
gridColumn.FalseValue = false;
gridColumn.MappingName = column.ColumnName;
gridColumn.HeaderText = column.ColumnName;
gridColumn.Width = _dataGrid.PreferredColumnWidth;
style.GridColumnStyles.Add(gridColumn);
}else{
DataGridTextBoxColumn gridColumn = new DataGridTextBoxColumn();
gridColumn.MappingName = column.ColumnName;
gridColumn.HeaderText = column.ColumnName;
gridColumn.Width = _dataGrid.PreferredColumnWidth;
gridColumn.NullText = "";
style.GridColumnStyles.Add(gridColumn);
}
}
_dataGrid.TableStyles.Clear();
_dataGrid.TableStyles.Add(style);
}
return _dataGrid.TableStyles[0];
}catch{
return null;
}
}
private bool isBoolColumn(string ColumnName){
return (_dataTable.Columns[ColumnName].DataType==System.Type.GetType("System.Boolean"));
}
private int getColumnIndex(DataGridTableStyle DGTS , string columName){
for(int i=0;i<DGTS.GridColumnStyles.Count;i++){
if(DGTS.GridColumnStyles[i].HeaderText.ToString().Trim()==columName.ToString().Trim()){
return i;
}
}
return -1;
}
/** <summary>
/// 设置只读的行
/// </summary>
/// <param name="rowIndexs">行索引数组</param>
/// <param name="Readonly">是否只读</param>
/// <returns>是否成功</returns>
public bool SetReadOnlyRows(int[] rowIndexs,bool Readonly){
try{
this.isReadonlyRow = Readonly;
this.ReadonlyRows = rowIndexs;
return true;
}catch{
return false;
}
}
/** <summary>
/// 设置列只读属性
/// </summary>
/// <param name="columnIndexs">列索引数组</param>
/// <param name="Readonly">只读属性</param>
/// <returns>是否处理成功</returns>
public bool SetReadOnlyColumns(int[] columnIndexs,bool Readonly){
//获取表风格
try{
DataGridTableStyle currGTS = GetGridTableStyle();
if(currGTS==null){
throw new Exception("初始化表风格出错！");
}
if(columnIndexs==null||columnIndexs.Length<=0){
throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("只读索引超出范围!");
}
DataGridColumnStyle GCS;
for(int i=0;i<columnIndexs.Length;i++){
if(columnIndexs[i]<0&&columnIndexs[i]>currGTS.GridColumnStyles.Count-1){
throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("索引超出范围!");
}
GCS = currGTS.GridColumnStyles[columnIndexs[i]];
if(GCS is DataGridBoolColumn){
(GCS as DataGridBoolColumn).ReadOnly = Readonly;
}else if(GCS is DataGridTextBoxColumn){
(GCS as DataGridTextBoxColumn).ReadOnly = Readonly;
}
}
return true;
}catch{return false;}
}
/** <summary>
/// 设置列只读属性
/// </summary>
/// <param name="columnNames">列名称数组</param>
/// <param name="Readonly">只读属性</param>
/// <returns>是否处理成功</returns>
public bool SetReadOnlyColumns(string[] columnNames,bool Readonly){
//获取表风格
try{
DataGridTableStyle currGTS = GetGridTableStyle();
if(currGTS==null){
throw new Exception("初始化表风格出错！");
}
if(columnNames==null||columnNames.Length<=0){
throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("只读索引超出范围!");
}
DataGridColumnStyle GCS;
int columnIndex =-1;
for(int i=0;i<columnNames.Length;i++){
columnIndex = getColumnIndex(currGTS,columnNames[i]);
if(columnIndex==-1){
throw new Exception("列名称为空或者无效！");
}
GCS = currGTS.GridColumnStyles[columnNames[i]];
if(GCS is DataGridBoolColumn){
(GCS as DataGridBoolColumn).ReadOnly = Readonly;
}else if(GCS is DataGridTextBoxColumn){
(GCS as DataGridTextBoxColumn).ReadOnly = Readonly;
}
}
return true;
}catch{return false;}
}
/** <summary>
/// 设置列属性
/// </summary>
/// <param name="columnIndex">列索引值</param>
/// <param name="Width">宽度</param>
/// <param name="Title">标题文本</param>
/// <param name="Format">列格式</param>
/// <param name="Align">靠齐方式</param>
/// <param name="Visible">是否可见</param>
/// <returns>完成状态</returns>
public bool SetColumn(int columnIndex,int Width,string Title,FormatIndex Format,HorizontalAlignment Align,bool Visible){
try{
//获取表风格
DataGridTableStyle currGTS = GetGridTableStyle();
string MappingName= null;
if(currGTS==null){
throw new Exception("初始化表风格出错！");
}
if(columnIndex<0&&columnIndex>currGTS.GridColumnStyles.Count-1){
throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("索引超出范围!");
}
//处理参数
Width = (Math.Abs(Width));
Title = (Title == null ? "" : Title);
Format = ((object)Format == null ? FormatIndex.Text : Format);
Align = ((object)Align == null ? HorizontalAlignment.Left : Align);
MappingName = currGTS.GridColumnStyles[columnIndex].MappingName;
DataGridColumnStyle GCS = currGTS.GridColumnStyles[columnIndex];
if(GCS is DataGridTextBoxColumn){
DataGridTextBoxColumn gridColumn = (GCS as DataGridTextBoxColumn);
switch((int)Format){
case 2:
gridColumn.Format = "C";
break;
case 3:
gridColumn.Format = "N";
break;
case 5:
gridColumn.Format=System.String.Format("yyyy年MM月dd日 hh:mm:ss",gridColumn.TextBox);
break;
case 6:
gridColumn.Format=System.String.Format("yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss",gridColumn.TextBox);
break;
case 7:
gridColumn.Format=System.String.Format("yyyy-MM-dd",gridColumn.TextBox);
break;
case 8:
gridColumn.Format=System.String.Format("yy-MM-dd",gridColumn.TextBox);
break;
case 9:
gridColumn.Format= System.String.Format("hh:mm:ss",gridColumn.TextBox);
break;
default:
gridColumn.Format = "";
break;
}
gridColumn.Width = Width;
gridColumn.MappingName = MappingName;
gridColumn.HeaderText = (Title.ToString()==""||Title==null ? MappingName : Title.ToString());
gridColumn.Alignment = Align;
gridColumn.NullText = "";
}
//隐藏字段
if(!Visible){
GCS.Width =0;
GCS.HeaderText ="";
}
return true;
}catch{
return false;
}
}
/** <summary>
/// 设置列属性,默认可见
/// </summary>
/// <param name="columnIndex">列索引值</param>
/// <param name="Width">宽度</param>
/// <param name="Title">标题文本</param>
/// <param name="Format">列格式</param>
/// <param name="Align">靠齐方式</param>
/// <returns>完成状态</returns>
public bool SetColumn(int columnIndex,int Width,string Title,FormatIndex Format,HorizontalAlignment Align){
return SetColumn(columnIndex,Width,Title,Format,Align,true);
}
/** <summary>
/// 设置列属性,默认可见，默认靠齐居左
/// </summary>
/// <param name="columnIndex">列索引值</param>
/// <param name="Width">宽度</param>
/// <param name="Title">标题文本</param>
/// <param name="Format">列格式</param>
/// <returns>完成状态</returns>
public bool SetColumn(int columnIndex,int Width,string Title,FormatIndex Format){
return SetColumn(columnIndex,Width,Title,Format,HorizontalAlignment.Left,true);
}
/** <summary>
/// 设置列属性,默认可见，默认靠齐居左，默认文本格式
/// </summary>
/// <param name="columnIndex">列索引值</param>
/// <param name="Width">宽度</param>
/// <param name="Title">标题文本</param>
/// <returns>完成状态</returns>
public bool SetColumn(int columnIndex,int Width,string Title){
return SetColumn(columnIndex,Width,Title,FormatIndex.Text,HorizontalAlignment.Left,true);
}
/** <summary>
/// 设置列属性,默认可见，默认靠齐居左，默认文本格式，默认标题为影射名
/// </summary>
/// <param name="columnIndex">列索引值</param>
/// <param name="Width">宽度</param>
/// <returns>完成状态</returns>
public bool SetColumn(int columnIndex,int Width){
return SetColumn(columnIndex,Width,"",FormatIndex.Text,HorizontalAlignment.Left,true);
}
/** <summary>
/// 设置列属性
/// </summary>
/// <param name="columnName">列名称</param>
/// <param name="Width">宽度</param>
/// <param name="Title">标题文本</param>
/// <param name="Format">列格式</param>
/// <param name="Align">靠齐方式</param>
/// <param name="Visible">是否可见</param>
/// <returns>完成状态</returns>
public bool SetColumn(string columnName,int Width,string Title,FormatIndex Format,HorizontalAlignment Align,bool Visible){
DataGridTableStyle currGTS = GetGridTableStyle();
if(currGTS==null){
throw new Exception("初始化表风格出错！");
}
int columnIndex = getColumnIndex(currGTS,columnName);
if(columnIndex==-1){
throw new Exception("列名称为空或者无效！");
}
return SetColumn(columnIndex,Width,Title,Format,Align,Visible);
}
/** <summary>
/// 设置列属性,默认可见
/// </summary>
/// <param name="columnName">列名称</param>
/// <param name="Width">宽度</param>
/// <param name="Title">标题文本</param>
/// <param name="Format">列格式</param>
/// <param name="Align">靠齐方式</param>
/// <returns>完成状态</returns>
public bool SetColumn(string columnName,int Width,string Title,FormatIndex Format,HorizontalAlignment Align){
DataGridTableStyle currGTS = GetGridTableStyle();
if(currGTS==null){
throw new Exception("初始化表风格出错！");
}
int columnIndex = getColumnIndex(currGTS,columnName);
if(columnIndex==-1){
throw new Exception("列名称为空或者无效！");
}
return SetColumn(columnIndex,Width,Title,Format,Align);
}
/** <summary>
/// 设置列属性,默认可见，默认靠齐居左
/// </summary>
/// <param name="columnName">列名称</param>
/// <param name="Width">宽度</param>
/// <param name="Title">标题文本</param>
/// <param name="Format">列格式</param>
/// <returns>完成状态</returns>
public bool SetColumn(string columnName,int Width,string Title,FormatIndex Format){
DataGridTableStyle currGTS = GetGridTableStyle();
if(currGTS==null){
throw new Exception("初始化表风格出错！");
}
int columnIndex = getColumnIndex(currGTS,columnName);
if(columnIndex==-1){
throw new Exception("列名称为空或者无效！");
}
return SetColumn(columnIndex,Width,Title,Format);
}
/** <summary>
/// 设置列属性,默认可见，默认靠齐居左，默认文本格式
/// </summary>
/// <param name="columnName">列名称</param>
/// <param name="Width">宽度</param>
/// <param name="Title">标题文本</param>
/// <returns>完成状态</returns>
public bool SetColumn(string columnName,int Width,string Title){
DataGridTableStyle currGTS = GetGridTableStyle();
if(currGTS==null){
throw new Exception("初始化表风格出错！");
}
int columnIndex = getColumnIndex(currGTS,columnName);
if(columnIndex==-1){
throw new Exception("列名称为空或者无效！");
}
return SetColumn(columnIndex,Width,Title);
}
/** <summary>
/// 设置列属性,默认可见，默认靠齐居左，默认文本格式，默认标题为影射名
/// </summary>
/// <param name="columnName">列名称</param>
/// <param name="Width">宽度</param>
/// <returns>完成状态</returns>
public bool SetColumn(string columnName,int Width){
DataGridTableStyle currGTS = GetGridTableStyle();
if(currGTS==null){
throw new Exception("初始化表风格出错！");
}
int columnIndex = getColumnIndex(currGTS,columnName);
if(columnIndex==-1){
throw new Exception("列名称为空或者无效！");
}
return SetColumn(columnIndex,Width);
}
}
}
下面的代码是演示如何使用这个类：
OleDbConnection conn = new OleDbConnection( "Jet OLEDB:Global Partial Bulk Ops=2;Jet OLEDB:Registry Path=;Jet OLEDB:Database Locking Mode=1;Data Source=\"E:\\sf\\DataBasew.mdb\";Mode=Share Deny None;Jet OLEDB:Engine Type=5;Provider=\"Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0\";Jet OLEDB:System database=;Jet OLEDB:SFP=False;persist security info=False;Extended Properties=;Jet OLEDB:Compact Without Replica Repair=False;Jet OLEDB:Encrypt Database=False;Jet OLEDB:Create System Database=False;Jet OLEDB:Don't Copy Locale on Compact=False;User ID=Admin;Jet OLEDB:Global Bulk Transactinotallow=1" );
OleDbDataAdapter da = new OleDbDataAdapter("SELECT A.设备编号, b.设备名称, b.所属设备组, A.检测时间, A.气体压力, A.换算压力, A.气体湿度, A.气体温度, A.诊断代码 FR" +
"OM (六氟化硫数据 A LEFT OUTER JOIN 测试设备 b ON A.设备编号 = b.编号) ORDER BY b.所属设备组, A.检测时间", conn );
DataSet ds = new DataSet();
try {
da.Fill( ds, "六氟化硫数据" );
}
catch( Exception ex ) {
MessageBox.Show( ex.Message );
}
//这里不需要制定，因为要由风格管理类接管，并且避免dataGrid自动初始化表风格影响速度
//dataGrid.DataSource = ds.Tables[0];
Grid.Service.StyleManager sm = new Grid.Service.StyleManager();
sm.DataGrid = dataGrid; //目标DataGrid
sm.DataSource = ds.Tables[0]; //目标DataTable
sm.AllowSelectedRow = true; //允许行选择
//设置第1列宽200，名称为“设备编号！"，数据类型为数值型，局中，不隐藏
sm.SetColumn(0,200,"设备编号 ！",Grid.Service.FormatIndex.Numeric,HorizontalAlignment.Center,true);
//设置第2列宽100，不制定名称“用表字段真实名称”，文本类型
sm.SetColumn(1,100,(string)null,Grid.Service.FormatIndex.Text,HorizontalAlignment.Center,true);
//设置第4列为日期时间类型
sm.SetColumn(3,200,(string)null,Grid.Service.FormatIndex.DateTime);
sm.SetReadOnlyColumns(new int[]{0,2,5},true); //只读列0,2,5
sm.SetReadOnlyRows(new int[]{0,4,6,8},true);//只读行0,4,6,8
sm.SetHeader(new Font("黑体",9f),Color.Red); //设置列头字体，黑体9号字，红色
sm.SetGrid("测试表格",true,false); //显示表格标题，不显示行标题
conn.Close(); 希望这个类对你有所帮助。
