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之前，给大家介绍了一些关于Redis的文章，大家可以参见博文中有关Redis的文章。今天，我们就一起来学习如何搭建高可用及负载均衡的Redis，好了，不多说了，我们直接进入正题吧。

一、测试环境

1、机器

   母机：centos6.5-64

   虚拟机:centos6.5-64 单核 1G 独立ip 3个

   虚拟机使用VMWare,centos为64位6.5.具体信息如下：

192.168.0.231   Redis-master
192.168.0.231   Redis-slave
192.168.0.239   Virtual IP

2、软件

    Reidis

    Keepalived

二、安装前配置

1、虚拟机最小化安装


虚拟机最小化安装，更新系统及安装必须组件

$ yum install -y openssl openssl-devel kernel kernel-devel gcc wget tcl libnl-devel
$ yum upgrade
$ reboot  //重启系统

2、安装Keepalived

安装keepalived 下载地址:​​http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.2.13.tar.gz​​ 安装

$ wget http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.2.13.tar.gz

$ tar -zxvf keepalived-1.2.13.tar.gz

$ cd keepalived-1.2.13

$ ln -s /usr/src/kernels/`uname -r`-`uname -m`/ /usr/src/linux

$ ./configure  --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived  --sysconf=/etc

$ chkconfig --add keepalived

//查看是否成功

$ service keepalived status

3、安装redis

下载Redis,目前Redis的稳定版本是2.8.17，下载地址​​Redis-2.8.17​​

$ wget http://download.redis.io/releases/redis-2.8.17.tar.gz

$ tar -zxvf redis-2.8.17.tar.gz

$ cd redis-2.8.17

$ make && make test

$ mkdir -p /usr/local/redis/{bin,var,etc}

$ cp ./src/{redis-benchmark,redis-cli,redis-server,redis-check-dump,redis-check-aof} /usr/local/redis/bin/

$ cp /usr/local/redis/bin/* /usr/local/bin/

三、配置

1、Master配置

 先配置好Redis，主从复制成功之后再行配置Keepalived。

 Master-Redis配置

$ vim /usr/local/redis/etc/redis.conf

修改如下值

daemonize yes
pidfile /var/run/redis.pid
port 6379
tcp-backlog 511
timeout 0
tcp-keepalive 0
loglevel notice
logfile "/usr/local/redis/log/redis.log"
databases 16
save 900 1
save 300 10
save 60 10000
stop-writes-on-bgsave-error yes
rdbcompression yes
rdbchecksum yes
dbfilename dump.rdb
dir /usr/local/redis/data
slave-serve-stale-data yes
slave-read-only no
repl-disable-tcp-nodelay no
slave-priority 100
appendonly yes
appendfilename "appendonly.aof"
appendfsync everysec
no-appendfsync-on-rewrite no
auto-aof-rewrite-percentage 100
auto-aof-rewrite-min-size 64mb
lua-time-limit 5000
slowlog-log-slower-than 10000
slowlog-max-len 128
notify-keyspace-events ""
hash-max-ziplist-entries 512
hash-max-ziplist-value 64
list-max-ziplist-entries 512
list-max-ziplist-value 64
set-max-intset-entries 512
zset-max-ziplist-entries 128
zset-max-ziplist-value 64
activerehashing yes
client-output-buffer-limit normal 0 0 0
client-output-buffer-limit slave 256mb 64mb 60
client-output-buffer-limit pubsub 32mb 8mb 60
hz 10
aof-rewrite-incremental-fsync yes

Master-Keepalived配置


global_defs {
    router_id redis
}
vrrp_script chk_redis {
    script "/etc/keepalived/scripts/redis_check.sh"   ###监控脚本
    interval 2                  ###监控时间
    timeout  2                                  ###超时时间
    fall     3                  ###重试次数
}
vrrp_instance redis {
  state MASTER                  ###设置为MASTER
  interface eth0              ###监控网卡
  virtual_router_id 52
  priority 101              ###权重值
  authentication {
         auth_type PASS          ###加密
         auth_pass redis        ###密码
  }
  track_script {
    chk_redis              ###执行上面定义的chk_redis
  }
  virtual_ipaddress {
       192.168.0.239            ###VIP
  }
  notify_master /etc/keepalived/scripts/redis_master.sh
  notify_backup /etc/keepalived/scripts/redis_backup.sh
  notify_fault  /etc/keepalived/scripts/redis_fault.sh
  notify_stop   /etc/keepalived/scripts/redsi_stop.sh
}

也可在本地编辑好后使用

​​scp​​上传到服务器。 Master-keepalived脚本redis_master.sh:


#!/bin/bash
  REDISCLI="/usr/local/redis/bin/redis-cli"
  LOGFILE="/usr/local/redis/var/keepalived-redis-state.log"
  echo "[master]" >> $LOGFILE
  date >> $LOGFILE
  echo "Being master...." >> $LOGFILE 2>&1
  echo "Run SLAVEOF cmd ..." >> $LOGFILE
  $REDISCLI SLAVEOF 192.168.0.232 6379 >> $LOGFILE  2>&1
  sleep 10 #延迟10秒以后待数据同步完成后再取消同步状态
  echo "Run SLAVEOF NO ONE cmd ..." >> $LOGFILE
  $REDISCLI SLAVEOF NO ONE >> $LOGFILE 2>&1

Master-keepalived脚本redis_backup.sh:


#!/bin/bash
  REDISCLI="/usr/local/redis/bin/redis-cli"
  LOGFILE="/usr/local/redis/log/keepalived-redis-state.log"
  echo "[backup]" >> $LOGFILE
  date >> $LOGFILE
  echo "Being slave...." >> $LOGFILE 2>&1
  sleep 15 #延迟15秒待数据被对方同步完成之后再切换主从角色
  echo "Run SLAVEOF cmd ..." >> $LOGFILE
  $REDISCLI SLAVEOF 192.168.0.232 6379 >> $LOGFILE  2>&1

2、Backup配置

同样先配置好Redis，主从复制成功之后再行配置Keepalived。

Backup-Redis配置

$ vim /usr/local/redis/etc/redis.conf

修改如下值


daemonize yes
pidfile /var/run/redis.pid
port 6379
tcp-backlog 511
timeout 0
tcp-keepalive 0
loglevel notice
logfile "/usr/local/redis/log/redis.log"
databases 16
save 900 1
save 300 10
save 60 10000
stop-writes-on-bgsave-error yes
rdbcompression yes
rdbchecksum yes
dbfilename dump.rdb
dir /usr/local/redis/data
slave-serve-stale-data yes
slave-read-only no
repl-disable-tcp-nodelay no
slave-priority 100
appendonly yes
appendfilename "appendonly.aof"
appendfsync everysec
no-appendfsync-on-rewrite no
auto-aof-rewrite-percentage 100
auto-aof-rewrite-min-size 64mb
lua-time-limit 5000
slowlog-log-slower-than 10000
slowlog-max-len 128
notify-keyspace-events ""
hash-max-ziplist-entries 512
hash-max-ziplist-value 64
list-max-ziplist-entries 512
list-max-ziplist-value 64
set-max-intset-entries 512
zset-max-ziplist-entries 128
zset-max-ziplist-value 64
activerehashing yes
client-output-buffer-limit normal 0 0 0
client-output-buffer-limit slave 256mb 64mb 60
client-output-buffer-limit pubsub 32mb 8mb 60
hz 10
aof-rewrite-incremental-fsync yes
SLAVEOF 192.168.0.231 6379

Backup-Keepalived配置


global_defs {
    router_id redis
}
vrrp_script chk_redis {
    script "/etc/keepalived/scripts/redis_check.sh"   ###监控脚本
    interval 2                  ###监控时间
    timeout  2                                  ###超时时间
    fall     3                  ###重试次数
}
vrrp_instance redis {
  state BACKUP                  ###设置为MASTER
  interface eth0              ###监控网卡
  virtual_router_id 51
  priority 100              ###权重值
  authentication {
         auth_type PASS          ###加密
         auth_pass redis        ###密码
  }
  track_script {
    chk_redis              ###执行上面定义的chk_redis
  }
  virtual_ipaddress {
       192.168.0.239            ###VIP
  }
  notify_master /etc/keepalived/scripts/redis_master.sh
  notify_backup /etc/keepalived/scripts/redis_backup.sh
  notify_fault  /etc/keepalived/scripts/redis_fault.sh
  notify_stop   /etc/keepalived/scripts/redsi_stop.sh
}

也可在本地编辑好后使用

​​scp​​上传到服务器。 Master-keepalived脚本redis_master.sh:


#!/bin/bash
  REDISCLI="/usr/local/redis/bin/redis-cli"
  LOGFILE="/usr/local/redis/var/keepalived-redis-state.log"
  echo "[master]" >> $LOGFILE
  date >> $LOGFILE
  echo "Being master...." >> $LOGFILE 2>&1
  echo "Run SLAVEOF cmd ..." >> $LOGFILE
  $REDISCLI SLAVEOF 192.168.0.231 6379 >> $LOGFILE  2>&1
  sleep 10 #延迟10秒以后待数据同步完成后再取消同步状态
  echo "Run SLAVEOF NO ONE cmd ..." >> $LOGFILE
  $REDISCLI SLAVEOF NO ONE >> $LOGFILE 2>&1

Master-keepalived脚本redis_backup.sh:


#!/bin/bash
  REDISCLI="/usr/local/redis/bin/redis-cli"
  LOGFILE="/usr/local/redis/log/keepalived-redis-state.log"
  echo "[backup]" >> $LOGFILE
  date >> $LOGFILE
  echo "Being slave...." >> $LOGFILE 2>&1
  sleep 15 #延迟15秒待数据被对方同步完成之后再切换主从角色
  echo "Run SLAVEOF cmd ..." >> $LOGFILE
  $REDISCLI SLAVEOF 192.168.0.231 6379 >> $LOGFILE  2>&1

四、公共脚本配置

1、redis_chekc.sh

可以使用netcat来检测redis服务的状态.

安装nc，使用nc检测redis的服务而不是ping

$ wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/netcat/files/netcat/0.7.1/netcat-0.7.1.tar.gz
$ tar -zxvf netcat-0.7.1.tar.gz
$ ./configure
$ make && make install

建立脚本:


$ vim /etc/keepalived/scripts/redis_check.sh

脚本内容:


#!/bin/bash
ALIVE=`/usr/local/redis/bin/redis-cli PING`

if ["$ALIVE" == "PONG"] ;then
      echo $ALIVE
      exit 0
else 
      echo $ALIVE
      exit 1
fi

2、redis_fault.sh

建立脚本:

$ vim /etc/keepalived/scripts/redis_fault.sh

脚本内容:


# !/bin/bash

LOGFILE=/usr/local/redis/var/keepalived-redis-state.log 
echo "[faule]" >> $LOGFILE 
date >> $LOGFILE

3、redis_stop.sh

建立脚本:

$ vim /etc/keepalived/scripts/redis_stop.sh

脚本内容:


# !/bin/bash

LOGFILE=/usr/local/redis/var/keepalived-redis-state.log 
echo "[stop]" >> $LOGFILE 
date >> $LOGFILE

五、测试

1、主从复制测试


先打开Master上的Redis，再打开Backup上的Redis，分别查看info

$ redis-cli info

Master的rule显示master为正常，slave会显示为192.168.0.232


在Master上写入数据，在Backup读取


$ redis-cli set a hello  //Master 写入数据
$ redis-cli get a        //Backup 读取数据
"hello"

主从复制正常。

2、主从切换测试

先后启动Master和Backup上的keepalived，在Master上查看vip

$ ip a

Redis之——搭建高可用及负载均衡的Redis_redis

从图中可以看出vip已经绑定在Master上，现在通过vip来进行数据测试


$ redis-cli -h 192.168.0.239 set a test
$ redis-cli -h 192.168.0.239 get a //测试虚拟ip数据读取
//在主机和从机上分别进行数据读取
$ redis-cli get a

Redis之——搭建高可用及负载均衡的Redis_数据_02

从图中可以看出测试无问题。

现在关闭Master上的redis，来看VIP能否正常漂移，并进行数据测试。

$ killall -9 redis-server
$ redis-cli -h 192.168.0.232 info

Redis之——搭建高可用及负载均衡的Redis_数据_03

现在给redis写入数据，测试看Master恢复服务后能否正常恢复数据


$ redis-cli -h 192.168.0.239 set a nihao

恢复Master上的Redis，查看ip a


$ service redis-server start
$ ip a
$ redis-cli get a

Redis之——搭建高可用及负载均衡的Redis_bash_04

数据恢复，VIP切换回Master，Redis高可用环境搭建成功.


至此，已成功搭建高可用及负载均衡的Redis环境。