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问题：

安装Python后，使用pip命令安装Python库，报错，如下：

$ pip install numpy
pip is configured with locations that require TLS/SSL, however the ssl module in Python is not available.
Collecting numpy
  Retrying (Retry(total=4, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")': /simple/numpy/
  Retrying (Retry(total=3, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")': /simple/numpy/
  Retrying (Retry(total=2, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")': /simple/numpy/
  Retrying (Retry(total=1, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")': /simple/numpy/
  Retrying (Retry(total=0, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")': /simple/numpy/
  Could not fetch URL https://pypi.org/simple/numpy/: There was a problem confirming the ssl certificate: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='pypi.org', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /simple/numpy/ (Caused by SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")) - skipping
  Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement numpy (from versions: )
No matching distribution found for numpy
pip is configured with locations that require TLS/SSL, however the ssl module in Python is not available.
Could not fetch URL https://pypi.org/simple/pip/: There was a problem confirming the ssl certificate: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='pypi.org', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /simple/pip/ (Caused by SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")) - skipping

解决方案：

命令行执行如下命令：

yum install -y zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel zlib* libffi-devel readline-devel tk-devel

执行命令后，重新安装Python，如下：

cd python安装文件目录
make clean
make
make install

如果再不行，就升级openssl。

升级openssl

1.下载openssl

wget https://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-1.1.1a.tar.gz
tar -zxvf openssl-1.1.1a.tar.gz
cd openssl-1.1.1a

2.编译安装

./config --prefix=/usr/local/openssl no-zlib #不需要zlib
make
make install

3.备份原配置

mv /usr/bin/openssl /usr/bin/openssl.bak
mv /usr/include/openssl/ /usr/include/openssl.bak

4.新版配置

ln -s /usr/local/openssl/include/openssl /usr/include/openssl
ln -s /usr/local/openssl/lib/libssl.so.1.1 /usr/local/lib64/libssl.so
ln -s /usr/local/openssl/bin/openssl /usr/bin/openssl

5.修改系统配置

## 写入openssl库文件的搜索路径
echo "/usr/local/openssl/lib" >> /etc/ld.so.conf
## 使修改后的/etc/ld.so.conf生效
ldconfig -v

6.查看openssl版本

openssl version

openssl version 提示：

/usr/local/openssl/bin/openssl: error while loading shared libraries: libssl.so.1.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

假如你的libssl.so.1.1 文件在/usr/local/openssl/lib/下面，可以这样做

ln -s /usr/local/openssl/lib/libssl.so.1.1 /usr/lib64/libssl.so.1.1
ln -s /usr/local/openssl/lib/libcrypto.so.1.1 /usr/lib64/libcrypto.so.1.1

7.重新安装python

cd python安装文件目录
make clean
./configure --with-openssl=/usr/local/openssl
make
make install