数据库的同步一直是个很重要的问题，也是一个难题，所幸mysql提供了多种方法可以用来同步
在本文中我先给出mysql本身自带的方式master-slave方式，详尽的步骤如下：
1、prepare
### 需要修改主、从服务器的my.cnf文件 ###
1) master
mysql> grant replication client,replication slave on *.* to ‘repl’@'192.168.0.*’ identified by ‘xxxxxx’
=========================================================================
### 主服务器 ###
# Replication Master Server (default)
# binary logging is required for replication
log-bin=/mysql/bin-log
log-bin-index=/mysql/bin-log.index
#binlog_cache_size = 1M
binlog_do_db = test1
binlog_do_db = test2
#binlog_ignore_db =
# required unique id between 1 and 2^32 - 1
# defaults to 1 if master-host is not set
# but will not function as a master if omitted
server-id = 2370
=========================================================================
2) slave
mysql> grant replication client,replication slave on *.* to ‘repl’@'192.168.0.*’ identified by ‘xxxxxx’
=========================================================================
### 从服务器 ###
# required unique id between 2 and 2^32 - 1
# (and different from the master)
# defaults to 2 if master-host is set
# but will not function as a slave if omitted
server-id = 2379
#
# The replication master for this slave - required
master-host = 192.168.0.240
#
# The username the slave will use for authentication when connecting
# to the master - required
master-user = repl
#
# The password the slave will authenticate with when connecting to
# the master - required
master-password = xxxxxx
#
# The port the master is listening on.
# optional - defaults to 3306
master-port = 3306
#
# binary logging - not required for slaves, but recommended
#log-bin=/mysql/log/slavebin-log
master-info-file = /mysql/log/master.info
relay-log-info-file = /mysql/log/relay-log.info
replicate_do_db = test1
replicate_do_db = test2
#replicate_ignore_db = …
#replicate_do_table =
#replicate_ignore_table =
#replicate_wild_do_table =
#replicate_wild_ignore_table = …
#replicate_wild_ignore_table = temp\_subpost\_%
#replicate_rewrite_db=->
# 1062: dup key entry
# 1064: sql syntax
#slave_skip_errors = 1062,1064
slave_skip_errors = 1062
relay-log = /mysql/log/relay-log
relay-log-index = /mysql/log/relay-log.index
=========================================================================
### below step will start the work ###
=========================================================================
cd /opt/mysql/bin
ln -s /opt/mysql/share/mysql/mysql.server mysqlctl
=========================================================================
2、stop mysql
1) master: mysqlctl stop && ps auxww|grep mysql
2) slave: mysqlctl stop && ps auxww|grep mysql
3、start master’s mysql
mysqlctl start
ps auxww|grep mysql
mysql >flush tables;
mysql >show master status \G
mysql >reset master
mysqlctl stop
4、start slave’s mysql
mysqlctl start
ps auxww|grep mysql
mysql >stop slave
mysql >show slave status \G
mysql >reset slave;
mysqlctl stop
5、start master’s mysql
mysqlctl start
mysql >show master status \G
mysql >flush tables with read lock
mysql >show master status \G
## record the bin-log and positon ##
6、synchronization master’s datas to slave
rsync -avP “master’s datas” “slave’s datas directory”
7、start slave’s mysql
mysqlctl start –skip-slave-start
mysql >show slave status \G
mysql >change master to
-> MASTER_HOST=’master_host_name’,
-> MASTER_USER=’replication_user_name’,
-> MASTER_PASSWORD=’replication_password’,
-> MASTER_LOG_FILE=’recorded_log_file_name’,
-> MASTER_LOG_POS=recorded_log_position;
## Note:slave’s file and pos must be the same with with master’s ##
8、master
mysql >unlock tables;
9、slave
mysql >show slave status \G
## Note: Seconds_behind_master=0
## Slave_IO_Running=YES,Slave_SQL_Running=YES
10、checking the slave’s database updated real-time whether or not ??
