1、导入命名空间：
using Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel;
2、如何打开已有excel文档，或者创建一个新的excel文档
Application app = new Application();
Workbooks wbks = app.Workbooks;
_Workbook _wbk = wbks.Add(excelTempPath + "quotaExcelTemp.xls");
Sheets shs = _wbk.Sheets;
_Worksheet _wsh = (_Worksheet)shs.get_Item(1);
若打开已有excel，把“xxx”替换成该excel的文件路径；
注：若新建一个excel文档，“xxx”替换成true即可；不过这里新建的excel文档默认只有一个sheet。
3、 取得、删除和添加sheet
3.1、取得：
//i是要取得的sheet的index
_Worksheet _wsh = (_Worksheet)shs.get_Item(i)
3.2 删除：
//删除sheet必须的设置
app.DisplayAlerts = false;
_wsh.Delete();
3.3 添加：
//a(before)，b(after)：确定添加位置；c：数目；d：类型
app.Worksheets.Add(a，b，c，d);
3.4 sheet的重命名
//重命名
_wsh.Name = "xxx";
4、删除行和列
4.1 删除行：
((Range)_wsh.Rows[3, Missing.Value]).Delete(XlDeleteShiftDirection.xlShiftUp);
4.2 删除列：
//删除列
_wsh.get_Range(
_wsh.Cells[1, 2],
_wsh.Cells[_wsh.Rows.Count, 2]).Delete(XlDeleteShiftDirection.xlShiftToLeft
);
5、添加行和列
5.1 添加行：
((Range)_wsh.Rows[11, Missing.Value])
.Insert(Missing.Value, XlInsertFormatOrigin.xlFormatFromLeftOrAbove);
5.2 添加列：
//添加列
_wsh.get_Range(
_wsh.Cells[1, 1], _wsh.Cells[_wsh.Rows.Count, 1])
.Insert(Missing.Value, XlInsertShiftDirection.xlShiftToRight);
6、 单元格操作
6.1 单元格的取得
//获得单元格对象
_wsh.Cells[row, cell]
6.2 设置公式
//在对应的单元格输入公式即可
_wsh.Cells[row, cell] = "=Sum(A1/B1)";
6.3 合并单元格
//合并单元格
Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Range mergeRange = _wsh.Range[_wsh.Cells[19 + i, 2], _wsh.Cells[19 + i, 4]];
//合并单元格
mergeRange.Merge(mergeRange.MergeCells);
6.4 设置行高和列宽
((Range)_wsh.Rows[3, Missing.Value]).RowHeight = 5;
((Range)_wsh.Rows[3, Missing.Value]).ColumnWidth = 5;
6.5 设置单元格颜色 颜色共有56中，详情请参照附录的[颜色对照表]
((Range)_wsh.Rows[1, Missing.Value]).Interior.ColorIndex = 3;
6.6 设置字号
((Range)_wsh.Cells[1, "B"]).Font.Size = 8;
6.7 是否设置粗体
((Range)_wsh.Rows[1, Missing.Value]).Font.Bold = false;
6.8 单元格/区域、水平垂直居中
((Range)_wsh.Cells[2, 1]).HorizontalAlignment = XlVAlign.xlVAlignCenter;
//靠左
((Range)_wsh.Cells[15, 7]).HorizontalAlignment = Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.XlHAlign.xlHAlignLeft;
//靠右
((Range)_wsh.Cells[30, 8]).HorizontalAlignment = Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.XlHAlign.xlHAlignRight;
6.9 设置区域边框
((Range)_wsh.Cells[3, 3]).Borders.LineStyle = 3;
6.10 设置边框的上、下、左、右线条
//左
_wsh.get_Range(
_wsh.Cells[2, 1], _wsh.Cells[2, 2])
.Borders[XlBordersIndex.xlEdgeLeft].Weight = XlBorderWeight.xlThick;//
//右
_wsh.get_Range(
_wsh.Cells[2, 1], _wsh.Cells[2, 2])
.Borders[XlBordersIndex.xlEdgeRight].Weight = XlBorderWeight.xlThick;//
//上
_wsh.get_Range(
_wsh.Cells[2, 1], _wsh.Cells[2, 2])
.Borders[XlBordersIndex.xlEdgeTop].Weight = XlBorderWeight.xlThick;//下
//下
_wsh.get_Range(
_wsh.Cells[2, 1], _wsh.Cells[2, 2])
.Borders[XlBordersIndex.xlEdgeBottom].Weight = XlBorderWeight.xlThick;
7、指定区域的复制
_Worksheet _wsh = (_Worksheet)shs.get_Item(1);//复制选中区域的内容
Range range = _wsh.get_Range(_wsh.Cells[7, 1], _wsh.Cells[10, _wsh.Columns.Count]);
range.Select();
range.Copy(Type.Missing);
//选中粘贴的起始位置
Range test = ((Range)_wsh.Cells[11, 1]);
test.Select();
//屏蔽掉Alert，默认确定粘贴
app.DisplayAlerts = false;
test.Parse(Missing.Value, Missing.Value);
注：Type.Missing和Missing.Value，在excel的操作中被视为某些参数的默认值，他们起到的作用很多时候是形式补足参数
8、excel文件的保存，及后续处理
8.1 文件保存
//屏蔽掉系统跳出的Alert
app.AlertBeforeOverwriting = false;
//保存到指定目录
SaveAs(filePath, Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.XlSaveAsAccessMode.xlNoChange, Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Missing.Value);
注：这个地方只能采用该方法保存，不然在指定路径下保存文件外，在我的文档中也会生成一个对应的副本
8.2 后续处理：退出和释放
//退出
app.Quit();
//释放掉多余的excel进程
System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(app);
说明：在application关闭的过程中，通常我们有两种方案：
#直接退出app
#先关闭workbook，然后关闭workbooks，最后在退出app
鉴于这两种方式，或许本质上是一样的(这点需要证明)，但是依据我们软件开发的原则：哪里需要哪里声明，哪里结束哪里释放回收。
既然在直接退出app的时候，我们不清楚workbook和workbooks具体在什么时间关闭，不如在结束的时候直接手动关闭，这样做可以做到资源的快速直接回收；
所以，建议采用先关闭workbook，然后关闭workbooks，最后在退出app。
9、关于单元格设置域和取得域里需要的数据
9.1 若单元格已经设置为下拉框
//这里的“1，2，3”设置的就是下拉框的值
((Range)_wsh.Cells[2, 1])
.Validation.Modify(XlDVType.xlValidateList, XlDVAlertStyle.xlValidAlertStop, Type.Missing, "1,2,3", Type.Missing);
9.2 若单元格还没有设置为下拉框的形式
((Range)_wsh.Cells[2, 1])
.Validation.Add(XlDVType.xlValidateList, XlDVAlertStyle.xlValidAlertStop, Type.Missing,"1,2,3", Type.Missing);
9.3 取得下拉框域的值
string strValue = ((Range)_wsh.Cells[2, 1]).Validation.Formula1;
注：若在excel模板中通过有效性设定了下拉框的值，strValue得到的将会是excel里的公式，需将其转换, 取得strValue后，可以根据其索引得到你需要的数值；
10、 隐藏行和隐藏列
10.1 隐藏行
_wsh.get_Range(_wsh.Cells[19, 1], _wsh.Cells[22, 1]).EntireRow.Hidden = true;
10.2 隐藏列
_wsh.get_Range(_wsh.Cells[1, 1], _wsh.Cells[_wsh.Rows.Count, 1])
.EntireColumn.Hidden = true;
11、案例
private string SaveExcel(PrintQuotationOrderViewModel model)
{
if (model == null) return string.Empty;
string excelTempPath = Server.MapPath("/Resources/Temp/");
if (!Directory.Exists(excelTempPath))
{
Directory.CreateDirectory(excelTempPath);
}
Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application app = new Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application();
Workbooks wbks = app.Workbooks;
_Workbook _wbk = wbks.Add(excelTempPath + "quotaExcelTemp.xls");
Sheets shs = _wbk.Sheets;
_Worksheet _wsh = (_Worksheet)shs.get_Item(1);
//设置客户单号
_wsh.Cells[7, 8] = model.QuotationOrder.CustomerPurchaseNumber;
((Range)_wsh.Cells[7, 8]).HorizontalAlignment = Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.XlHAlign.xlHAlignLeft;
//设置报价单号
_wsh.Cells[8, 8] = model.QuotationOrder.Number;
((Range)_wsh.Cells[8, 8]).HorizontalAlignment = Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.XlHAlign.xlHAlignLeft;
//设置报价日期
_wsh.Cells[9, 8] = model.QuotationOrder.QuotedOn.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd");
((Range)_wsh.Cells[9, 8]).HorizontalAlignment = Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.XlHAlign.xlHAlignLeft;
//设置销售人员
_wsh.Cells[10, 8] = model.QuotationOrder.SalesmanName;
//设置客户公司
_wsh.Cells[12, 3] = model.QuotationOrder.Buyer.Company.Name;
//设置客户部门
_wsh.Cells[13, 3] = model.QuotationOrder.Buyer.Department;
//设置联系人
_wsh.Cells[13, 7] = model.QuotationOrder.Buyer.Name;
//设置收货公司
_wsh.Cells[14, 3] = model.QuotationOrder.Receiver.Company;
//设置收货部门
_wsh.Cells[14, 7] = model.QuotationOrder.Receiver.Department;
//设置收货人
_wsh.Cells[15, 3] = model.QuotationOrder.Receiver.Name;
//设置联系电话
_wsh.Cells[15, 7] = model.QuotationOrder.Receiver.Mobile;
((Range)_wsh.Cells[15, 7]).HorizontalAlignment = Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.XlHAlign.xlHAlignLeft;
//设置收货地址
_wsh.Cells[16, 3] = model.QuotationOrder.Receiver.Address;
int count = model.QuotationItems.Count;
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
{
((Range)_wsh.Rows[19 + i, System.Reflection.Missing.Value]).Insert(System.Reflection.Missing.Value, XlInsertFormatOrigin.xlFormatFromLeftOrAbove);
_wsh.Cells[19 + i, 1] = (i+1).ToString(); //第一项 设置编号
_wsh.Cells[19 + i, 2] = $"{model.QuotationItems[i].CustomCode}\r\n{model.QuotationItems[i].Product.Code}\r\n{model.QuotationItems[i].Product.Name}"; //第二项 设置 客户零件号/模号/料号 产品型号 产品名称
//合并单元格
Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Range mergeRange = _wsh.Range[_wsh.Cells[19 + i, 2], _wsh.Cells[19 + i, 4]];
//合并单元格
mergeRange.Merge(mergeRange.MergeCells);
//((Range)_wsh.Rows[19 + i, System.Reflection.Missing.Value]).Merge(mergeRange.MergeCells);
_wsh.Cells[19 + i, 5] = model.QuotationItems[i].Quantity; //第三项 设置数量
_wsh.Cells[19 + i, 6] = model.QuotationItems[i].Quotation.UnitPriceWithTax >=0 ? ((decimal)model.QuotationItems[i].Quotation.UnitPriceWithTax).ToString("f2") : ""; //第四项 设置含税单价（元）
_wsh.Cells[19 + i, 7] = model.QuotationItems[i].Quotation.SubtotalWithTax; //第五项 设置小计（元）
_wsh.Cells[19 + i, 8] = model.QuotationItems[i].Quotation.DispatchDays>=0 ? ((int)model.QuotationItems[i].Quotation.DispatchDays).ToString() : ""; //第六项 设置发货天数（工作日）
_wsh.Cells[19 + i, 9] = model.QuotationItems[i].Remark; //第七项 设置备注
((Range)_wsh.Rows[19 + i, System.Reflection.Missing.Value]).RowHeight = 45;
}
//设置结算方式
_wsh.Cells[24 + count, 3] = model.Payment;
//设置产品未税总价
_wsh.Cells[23 + count, 8] = model.QuotationOrder.TotalWithoutTax.ToString("f2");
//设置优惠金额0.00
_wsh.Cells[24 + count, 8] = model.QuotationOrder.Preferential != null ? model.QuotationOrder.Preferential.Discount.HasValue ? ((decimal)model.QuotationOrder.Preferential.Discount).ToString("f2") : "0.00" : "0.00";
//设置运费
_wsh.Cells[25 + count, 8] = model.QuotationOrder.Shipping.Amount.ToString("f2");
//设置运费折扣
_wsh.Cells[26 + count, 8] = model.QuotationOrder.Shipping.Discount.ToString("f2");
//设置增值税
_wsh.Cells[27 + count, 8] = model.QuotationOrder.Tax.ToString("f2");
//设置含税总金额（小写）
_wsh.Cells[29 + count, 8] = model.QuotationOrder.TotalWithTax.ToString("f2");
//设置含税总金额（大写）
_wsh.Cells[30 + count, 8] = model.QuotationOrder.TotalWithTaxInChinese;
((Range)_wsh.Cells[30 + count, 8]).HorizontalAlignment = Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.XlHAlign.xlHAlignRight;
app.DisplayAlerts = false;
app.AlertBeforeOverwriting = false;
excelTempPath = Server.MapPath("/Resources/Excel/");
if (!Directory.Exists(excelTempPath))
{
Directory.CreateDirectory(excelTempPath);
}
string savePath = excelTempPath + DateTime.Now.ToFileTime() + ".xls";
_wbk.SaveCopyAs(savePath);
wbks.Close();
app.Quit();
System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(app);
return savePath;
}
