【Nginx web服务器】
安装
为nginx提供SysV init脚本
优先级
让Nginx支持站点用户认证访问
Nginx SSL 配置
打开防火墙443 端口
基于主机名的 虚拟主机
源码安装 PHP
Nginx反向代理
Nginx负载均衡
Nginx web缓存
Nginx URL 重写
Nginx读写分离
[其他文档]Nginx 安装配置
http://www.runoob.com/linux/nginx-install-setup.html
【Nginx web服务器】
支持5万高并发，实际3万
负载均衡 LVS
反向代理
200第一次连接
302 缓存里面来的
[root@localhost home]# du -sh nginx-1.4.7
5.2M nginx-1.4.7
【准备安装】
模块需求：
yum -y install openssl-devel yum -y install pcre-devel [root@localhost nginx-1.4.7]# groupadd -r -g 108 nginx [root@localhost nginx-1.4.7]# useradd -r -g 108 -u 108 nginx
【nginx-1.4.7.tar.gz】
./configure \ ./configure \ --prefix=/usr \ --sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx \ --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf \ --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log \ --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log \ --pid-path=/var/run/nginx/nginx.pid \ --lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock \ --user=nginx \ --group=nginx \ --with-http_ssl_module \ --with-http_flv_module \ --with-http_stub_status_module \ --with-http_gzip_static_module \ --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/client/ \ --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/proxy/ \ --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/fcgi/ \ --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/uwsgi \ --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/scgi \ --with-pcre --with-file-aio # make && makeinstall
------------------------------------------------------------
3、为nginx提供SysV init脚本:
新建文件/etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx，内容如下：
#!/bin/sh
#
# nginx - this script startsand stops the nginx daemon
#
# chkconfig: - 85 15
# description: Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse \
# proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server
# processname: nginx
# config: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
# config: /etc/sysconfig/nginx
# pidfile: /var/run/nginx.pid
# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
# Source networkingconfiguration.
. /etc/sysconfig/network
# Check that networking isup.
[ "$NETWORKING" ="no" ] && exit 0
nginx="/usr/sbin/nginx"
prog=$(basename $nginx)
NGINX_CONF_FILE="/etc/nginx/nginx.conf"
[ -f /etc/sysconfig/nginx ]&& . /etc/sysconfig/nginx
lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/nginx
make_dirs() {
# make required directories
user=`nginx -V 2>&1 | grep"configure arguments:" | sed 's/[^*]*--user=\([^ ]*\).*/\1/g' -`
options=`$nginx -V 2>&1 | grep'configure arguments:'`
for opt in $options; do
if [ `echo $opt | grep '.*-temp-path'`]; then
value=`echo $opt | cut -d "=" -f2`
if [ ! -d "$value" ]; then
# echo "creating"$value
mkdir -p $value && chown-R $user $value
fi
fi
done
}
start() {
[ -x $nginx ] || exit 5
[ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6
make_dirs
echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
retval=$?
echo
[ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch$lockfile
return $retval
}
stop() {
echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
killproc $prog -QUIT
retval=$?
echo
[ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f$lockfile
return $retval
}
restart() {
configtest || return $?
stop
sleep 1
start
}
reload() {
configtest || return $?
echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
killproc $nginx -HUP
RETVAL=$?
echo
}
force_reload() {
restart
}
configtest() {
$nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
}
rh_status() {
status $prog
}
rh_status_q() {
rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1
}
case "$1" in
start)
rh_status_q && exit 0
$1
;;
stop)
rh_status_q || exit 0
$1
;;
restart|configtest)
$1
;;
reload)
rh_status_q || exit 7
$1
;;
force-reload)
force_reload
;;
status)
rh_status
;;
condrestart|try-restart)
rh_status_q || exit 0
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $0{start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}"
exit 2
esac优先级【官方文档】
Let’s illustrate the above by an example:
location = / {
[ configuration A ]
}
location / {
[ configuration B ]
}
location /documents/ {
[ configuration C ]
}
location ^~ /p_w_picpaths/ {
[ configuration D ]
}
location ~* \.(gif|jpg|jpeg)$ {
[ configuration E ]
}
The “/” request will match configuration A, the “/index.html” request will match configuration B, the“/documents/document.html” request willmatch configuration C, the “/p_w_picpaths/1.gif” request will match configuration D, and the “/documents/1.jpg” request willmatch configuration E.--------------------------------
[root@localhost /]# chkconfig --add nginx
[root@localhost /]# chkconfig --list nginx
默认页面文件 /usr/html
配置文件 /etc/nginx/
vim "nginx.conf"
worker_processes 2;线程数，CPU密集型就是填CPU个数，我的2个或者4个
events {
worker_connections 1024;乘以worker_processes是最大连接数
}
location / {
root html; root /web/htdocs;相对文件的根，我的修改
index index.html index.htm; 主页面是谁的
}
servicenginx restart
开启iptables 端口
vim /web/htdocs/index.html
浏览器测试
自定义location
location / {
root /web/htdocs;
index index.html index.htm;
}
location /bbs/ {
root/web;
index index.html index.htm;
}这个配置的意义是，在/web/下面找bbs/
浏览器直接输入http://172.16.0.102/bbs/ 有效果！
自定义404出错页面
error_page 404 /404.html; 去注释启用
vim /web/htdocs/404.html 自定义的错误页面
servicenginx reload
浏览器随意访问一个不存在的页面
【也可以自定义 location的 404】
【拒绝172.16.0.101来访bbs】
先试试实验室能不能访问
location /bbs/ {
root /web;
indexindex.html index.htm;
deny 172.16.0.101;
}
servicenginx reload 再测试http://172.16.0.102/bbs/OK
【只允许172.16.0.101来访bbs】
location /bbs/ {
root /web;
indexindex.html index.htm;
allow 172.16.0.100;
denyall;
}
servicenginx reload 再测试http://172.16.0.102/bbs/OK
【让Nginx支持站点用户认证访问】
yum -y install httpd
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig --list httpd
httpd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off
确保开机不会自动启动
htpasswd -c -m/etc/nginx/.users tom 第一次才-c参数
htpasswd -m /etc/nginx/.users jerry
【站点状态显示】http://172.16.0.102/status
在任意位置写
location /status {
stub_status on;
}
service nginx restart OK
Active connections: 3
server accepts handled requests
9 9 173
Reading: 0 Writing: 1 Waiting: 2
Reading正在读取其首部请求的个数
Wrting 正在读取主体，处理内容 向客户发起响应
Waiting 长连接的保持连接个数
【vim 笔记：ctrl + V 可视化】
在选定行的vim行前面加上// ，一般在语言中表示注释
（1）control+v选定列（vim)
（2）按I插入//
（3）按esc
取消语法高亮 :setnohlsearch
【Nginx SSL 配置】去除注释再修改
server {
listen 443;
server_name localhost;
ssl on;
ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/ssl/nginx.crt;
ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/ssl/nginx.key;
ssl_session_timeout 5m;
ssl_protocols SSLv2 SSLv3 TLSv1;
ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
location / {
root /web/htdocs;;
index index.html index.htm;
}
}------------------------------------
【https 网站】
vim /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf [root@localhost ~]# cd/etc/pki/CA/ [root@localhost CA]# (umask 077;opensslgenrsa 2048 > private/cakey.pem) openssl req -new -x509 -keyprivate/cakey.pem -out cacert.pem Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN State or Province Name (full name) []:HA Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:ZZ Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:MageEdu Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:Tech Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:ca.magedu.com Email Address []:caadmin@magedu.com [root@localhost CA]# touch serial [root@localhost CA]# echo 01 > serial [root@localhost CA]# touch index.txt cd /etc/nginx/ssl (umask 077:openssl genrsa 1024 > nginx.key ) openssl req -new -keynginx.key -out nginx.csr Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN State or Province Name (full name) []:HA Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:ZZ Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:MageEdu Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:Tech Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:www.magedu.com
【签证】
[root@localhost ssl]# openssl ca -in nginx.csr -out nginx.crt -days 3650 Using configuration from/etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf Check that the request matches the signature Signature ok Certificate Details: Serial Number: 1 (0x1) Validity Not Before: May 9 09:05:28 2015GMT Not After : May 6 09:05:28 2025GMT Subject: countryName = CN stateOrProvinceName = HA organizationName =MageEdu organizationalUnitName = Tech commonName =www.magedu.com X509v3 extensions: X509v3 Basic Constraints: CA:FALSE Netscape Comment: OpenSSL Generated Certificate X509v3 Subject Key Identifier: BD:44:8D:2F:1C:44:42:E1:D6:00:58:77:96:7D:BF:F1:DF:01:71:3D X509v3 Authority Key Identifier: keyid:B5:A2:E5:3A:C1:E6:E9:FD:39:C9:3C:1E:D7:BA:1F:D4:60:C0:9C:B6 Certificate is to be certified until May 6 09:05:28 2025 GMT (3650 days) Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y 1 out of 1 certificate requests certified,commit? [y/n]y Write out database with 1 new entries Data Base Updated
【签证OK】
重启Nginx service nginx reload
------------------------------------------------------------------
看看443 端口有没有被监听 [root@localhost htdocs]# netstat –tnlp 打开防火墙443 端口 iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 443 -m state --state NEW -jACCEPT
访问：https://172.16.0.102/
*********************SSL 实验完成 *****************************
【基于主机名的 虚拟主机】
修改配置文件
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.a.com;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location / {
root /web/a.com;
index index.html index.htm;
}
************在范围内新增以下 ************
【参考】 # deny access to.htaccess files, if Apache's document root
100 #concurs with nginx's one
101 #
102 #location ~ /\.ht {
103 # deny all;
104 #}
105 }
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.b.org;
location / {
root /web/b.org;
index index.html index.htm;
}
｝
# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, andport-based configuration
【编辑win7 host文件】 C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc
172.16.0.102 www.a.com
172.16.0.102 www.b.org
【访问测试】
www.a.com
www.b.org
但是访问http://172.16.0.102/会显示
welcome to www.a.com
/web/a.com.index.html
************************实验结束******************************************
【安装二进制mysql-5.6.10-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz必须是这个版本 其他版本自测】
【安装mysql-5.6.10-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz】
tar xf mysql-5.6.10-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
【查看文件夹大小】
du -sh mysql-5.6.11
cd mysql-5.6.11
【创建mysql 用户，组】
groupadd -r -g 306 mysql
useradd -r -g 306 -u 306 mysql
mkdir -pv /mydata/data
chown -R mysql:mysql /mydata/data
ln -sv mysql-5.6.11/ mysql
chown root:mysql ./*
出错的就根据提示yum 安装
yum -y install glibc.i686
yum -y install libstdc++.i686tar xfmysql-5.6.11.tar.gz
yum -y install libaio.i686mv mysql-5.6.11 /usr/local/
【必须在解压的文件夹里面初始化】
[root@localhost mysql]# scripts/mysql_install_db--user=mysql --datadir=/mydata/data/
*************初始化信息**********************
WARNING: Found existingconfig file ./my.cnf on the system.
Because this file might be inuse, it was not replaced,
but was used in bootstrap(unless you used --defaults-file)
and when you later start theserver.
The new default config filewas created as ./my-new.cnf,
please compare it with yourfile and take the changes you need.
************初始化完成***************************
[root@localhost mysql]# vim my.cnf
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
datadir = /mydata/data
innodb_file_per_table = ON
log-bin = master-bin
******************************************
如果提示:can not connect to local MySQL serverthrough socket ‘/tmp/mysql.sock’
就再添加一行
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
******************************************
[root@localhost mysql]#cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@localhost mysql]# chkconfig --add mysqld
[root@localhost mysql]# service mysqld start
【启动mysql】
[root@localhost mysql]# bin/mysql
【导出所有lib库】
[root@localhost local]# vim /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf
/usr/local/mysql/lib
[root@localhost local]# ldconfig -v
[root@localhost local]# ln -sv /usr/local/mysql/include//usr/include/mysql
**************MySQL安装完成*********************
【源码安装 PHP】
[root@localhost local]# tar xf php-5.4.41.tar.gz
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php--with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-openssl --enable-fpm --enable-sockets--enable-sysvshm --with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config --enable-mbstring--with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib-dir --with-libxml-dir=/usr--enable-xml --with-config-file-path=/etc --with-config-file-scan-dir=/etc/php.d--with-bz2 --with-curl
***** 报错configure:error: xml2-config not found. Please check your libxml2 installation.
******安装[root@localhostdata]# yum install libxml2-devel
***** 报错configure:error: Please reinstall the BZip2 distribution
******安装[root@localhostdata]# yum install bzip2-devel
***** 报错configure:error: Please reinstall the libcurl distribution
******安装[root@localhostdata]# yum install -y libcurl-devel
成功！Thank youfor using PHP.
边编译边安装[root@localhost local]# make &&make install
【配置PHP】
[root@localhost php-5.4.41]# cp php.ini-production /etc/php.ini
[root@localhost php-5.4.41]# cd /usr/local/php/etc/
[root@localhost etc]# cp php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf
[root@localhost etc]# vim php-fpm.conf
最大子进程pm.max_children = 150àpm.max_children = 150
启动时启动个数pm.start_servers = 2à pm.start_servers = 5
空闲进程pm.min_spare_servers = 1 àpm.min_spare_servers = 5
[root@localhostphp-5.4.41]# cp /usr/local/php-5.4.41/sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm
[root@localhost php-5.4.41]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/php-fpm
[root@localhost php-5.4.41]# chkconfig --add php-fpm
********安装视频上的 我启动失败了 *******************
我只好 [root@localhostetc]# cp php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf
【重启php-fpm】
[root@localhost init.d]# service php-fpm restart
Starting php-fpm done
【查看监听端口】
[root@localhost init.d]# netstat -tnlp
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:9000 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 6649/php-fpm
【php-fpm启动的进程】
[root@localhost etc]# ps –aux
[root@localhost etc]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
location ~ \.php$ {
root /web/htdocs;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
【配置fastcgi_params】
[root@localhost etc]# vim /etc/nginx/fastcgi_params 删除全部内容
fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1;
fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx;
fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI $document_uri;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root;
fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol;
fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr;
fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port;
fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr;
fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port;
fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name;
【验证Nginx 语法】
[root@localhost etc]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test issuccessful
[root@localhost etc]# service nginx reload
【去除iptables干扰】
[root@localhost htdocs]# service iptables stop
【设置首页】
vim /web/htdocs/index.php
<h1> welcome to nginx </h1>
<?php
phpinfo();
?>
【修改配置vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf】
我把把其他的虚拟主机全部删除，注释SSL，只修改为以下
*************************************************************
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.a.com;
location / {
root /web/htdocs;
index index.php;
}
***********************往下翻*********************************
location ~ \.php$ {
root /web/htdocs;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
***************************************************************
【测试 OK】
【Nginx反向代理】
【1将请求转发到后端】 172.16.0.102
【保存当前的配置文件】
[root@localhost /]# mv/etc/nginx/nginx.conf /etc/nginx/nginx.conf.201505271338
【复制一个默认的配置文件】
[root@localhost nginx]# cp nginx.conf.default nginx.conf
【重启Nginx】
[root@localhost ~]# service nginx restart
【Nginx的默认配置文件的主页在/usr/html/index.html】
vim /usr/html/LCL/index.html
在浏览器里面http://172.16.0.102/LCL/ 测试OK
【再找一个LINUX做Apache的httpd服务器，172.16.0.104】
****yum 安装 httpd
****启动httpd
****开启iptables端口
****访问测试
****创建文件夹 mkdir-pv /var/www/html/HTTPD
****[root@localhost LCL]# vim index.html
****访问测试 http://172.16.0.104/HTTPD/
****测试成功
【配置172.16.0.102 vim nginx.conf,只是添加以下信息】
访问172.16.0.102/LCL会显示172.16.0.102/HTTPD的内容
#error_page 404 /404.html;
location /LCL{
proxy_passhttp://172.16.0.104/HTTPD;
}
# redirect server error pages to the static page/50x.html
注意文件路径的斜线对应
【测试 OK】
【如果想用正则表达式的 只能这样】
【查httpd日志，会显示反向代理的服务器IP，而不是客户的IP】
【看172.16.0.104的日志】tai/var/log/httpd/access_log
172.16.0.102 - -[27/May/2015:22:38:01 +0800] "GET /HTTPD/ HTTP/1.0" 200 37 "-""Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, likeGecko) Maxthon/4.4.3.4000 Chrome/30.0.1599.101 Safari/537.36"
【修改反向代理的配置172.16.0.102】vim/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
location /LCL {
proxy_passhttp://172.16.0.104/HTTPD;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
}
【修改172.16.0.104的日志格式】vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
#LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s%b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined
LogFormat "%{X-Real-IP}i %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\"\"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined
【重启httpd 服务】servicehttpd restart
【看日志，已经发生改变了】172.16.0.100是我win7浏览器的访问记录
172.16.0.100 - - [27/May/2015:23:05:11 +0800] "GET /HTTPD/HTTP/1.0" 200 37 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64)AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Maxthon/4.4.3.4000 Chrome/30.0.1599.101Safari/537.36"
【将整个172.16.0.102网站内所有代理为172.16.0.104网站】 vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
注释前面的location 字段内容！！！！
location / {
proxy_passhttp://172.16.0.104/;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
}
【Nginx负载均衡】
【再找一个LINUX做Apache的httpd服务器，172.16.0.105】
****yum 安装 httpd
****启动httpd
****开启iptables端口
****访问测试
****cd /var/www/html vimindex.html做一个区别网页
****访问测试 http://172.16.0.105
****测试成功
【配置Nginx172.16.0.105 vim/etc/nginx/nginx.conf】
定义在server外
upstream webserver {
server 172.16.0.104weight=1;#权重都为1
server 172.16.0.105weight=1;
}
修改代理的组
location / {
proxy_passhttp://webserver/; 定义webserver组
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
}
【语法检测 nginx –t weight 右端不能有空格】
【打开浏览器，访问172.16.0.102，按住F5不放手，
会出现负载均衡效果，循环显示172.16.0.105和172.16.0.105的网页首页】
【健康状态检查】
一台出现故障，就不再使用这台
upstream webserver {
server 172.16.0.104weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2;
server 172.16.0.105weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2;
}
对其中任意一台服务器操作
service httpd stop 访问测试只有一台是正常的
service httpd restart 恢复两台的访问
【当后台服务器宕机，提示出错页面】基于上面的配置
[root@localhost errorpages]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
新增一些信息
upstream webserver {
server 172.16.0.104weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2;
server 172.16.0.105weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2;
server 127.0.0.1:8080 backup;
}
[root@localhost /]# vim/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
在原来的server下面再写一条server 不是嵌套在里面的
server{
listen 8080;
server_name localhost;
root /web/errorpages;
index index.html;
}
vim /web/errorpages/index.html 写点什么东西
nginx -t
service nginx reload
访问 http://172.16.0.102:8080/ OK
http://172.16.0.102/ 负载均衡 正常
service httpd stop 停掉一台 还可以继续使用
service httpd stop 再停一台
就显示/web/errorpages/index.html的内容了
重启这两台的服务 又可以继续显示负载均衡的效果
【测试OK】
【始终记录客户机与某一个服务器的匹配】但是负载均衡的意义就没有了
upstream webserver {
# ip_hash;
server 172.16.0.104weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2;
server 172.16.0.105weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2;
#server 127.0.0.1:8080backup;
【Nginx web缓存】
[root@localhost errorpages]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
不能定义在server里面
缓存目录 /nginx/cache/first
两个文件夹一级一个字符，二级两个字符 levels=1:2
缓存大小20m 最大1G
*****************************************************************
proxy_cache_path /nginx/cache/first levels=1:2 keys_zone first:20mmax_size=1g;
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
add_header X-Via$server_addr;
add_header X-Cache$upstream_cache_status;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#error_page 404 /404.html;
location / {
proxy_passhttp://webserver/;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_cache first;
proxy_cache_valid 200 10m;
}
******************************************************************
【谁给我们提供缓存IP】add_header X-Via $server_addr;
【显示是否命中缓存】add_header X-Cache $upstream_cache_status;
nginx –t 提示目录不存在
mkdir -pv /nginx/cache/first
nginx –t OK
【关闭Nginx，删除/nginx/cache/first里面所有的文件】
【启动Nginx】
火狐浏览器，打开F12【网络】、【消息头】
【第一次 刷新 MISS没有命中】
【第二次刷新 X -Cache “HIT” 命中缓存！】
【也可以把上面的两行 改写一行】
# add_header X-Via $server_addr;
add_headerX-Cache "$upstream_cache_status from $server_addr";
效果是一样的
其他缓存
***********************
***********************
****************************************************************************************
【Nginx URL 重写】
[root@localhost nginx]# mvnginx.conf nginx.conf.201505272129
[root@localhost nginx]# cpnginx.conf.default nginx.conf
[root@localhost nginx]# vimnginx.conf
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
rewrite ^/bbs(.*)$http://172.16.0.104/LCL/$1;
}
紫色为添加的
[root@localhost nginx]# nginx-t
[root@localhost nginx]#service nginx reload
/var/www/html/LCL index.html
【测试172.16.0.102】
【测试
【可以看出 地址直接跳转了】
*
【把上面紫色的改为 隐式重定向 这样客户端就看不出来了，但访问是本地的，实际访问并不是bbs，而是LCL】
rewrite ^/bbs(.*)$ /LCL/$1;
【Nginx读写分离】
【172.16.0.105】
[root@localhost html]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
确保这两个模块启用
LoadModule dav_modulemodules/mod_dav.so
LoadModule dav_fs_modulemodules/mod_dav_fs.so
在<Directory "/var/www/html">下面写一句保存退出
dav on
[root@localhost html]# service httpd restart
赋予权限
[root@localhost html]# setfacl -m u:apache:rwx /var/www/html/
【172.16.0.102上传】 curl -T /etc/fstab http://172.16.0.105
<p>Resource /fstab has beencreated.</p>
<address>Apache/2.2.15 (CentOS) Serverat 172.16.0.105 Port 80</address>.
【访问测试 OK】http://172.16.0.105/fstab
【只让172.16.0.105可以写】
172.16.0.102 vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
rewrite ^/bbs(.*)$ /LCL/$1; 都去掉
}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
——————改为 注意等号两边的空格
location / {
proxy_passhttp://172.16.0.104/;
if ($request_method ="PUT") {
proxy_pass http://172.16.0.105;
}
}
[root@localhost html]# nginx –t
[root@localhost html]# service nginx reload
【访问测试 172.16.0.102】[root@localhost html]# curl http://172.16.0.102 随意
【上传测试】[root@localhost html]# curl -T/etc/passwd http://172.16.0.102
<p>Resource /passwd has beencreated.</p>
<address>Apache/2.2.15 (CentOS) Server at 172.16.0.105 Port80</address>
【延伸 】定义两个upstream组 一个读 一个写
