004. github使用

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妙手折花 2021-10-14 16:53:25 ©著作权

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github的使用

GitHub是一个git版本库的托管服务,GitHub是目前全球最大的软件仓库,拥有上班玩的开发者用户,也是软件开发和寻找资源的最佳途径,GitHub不仅可以托管各种git版本参控股,还拥有更美观的web界面,代码文件可以被克隆,让开发者为开源项目贡献代码变得更加容易,同时也提供了付费购买私有仓库.

github用法

注册用户

004. github使用_git

004. github使用_2d_02

github创建仓库

004. github使用_github_03

004. github使用_sed_04

004. github使用_github_05

004. github使用_github_06

004. github使用_sed_07

使用仓库:

1. 进入目录
git init  [第一次使用需要初始化一次.]

2. 创建推送文件
[root@master leilei]# echo "leilei - 2019.12.5 test" >> README.md
[root@master leilei]# cat README.md 
leilei - 2019.12.5 test
--------------------------------------------

3. 提交文件到暂存区:
git add README.md
git commit -m "first commit"
git remote add origin git@github.com:chenleilei90/leilei.git     #为本地仓库连接到远程仓库
执行后提示:
======
[root@master leilei]# git push -u origin master
The authenticity of host 'github.com (52.74.223.119)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is SHA256:nThbg6kXUpJWGl7E1IGOCspRomTxdCARLviKw6E5SY8.
RSA key fingerprint is MD5:16:27:ac:a5:76:28:2d:36:63:1b:56:4d:eb:df:a6:48.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)?   填yes即可

Warning: Permanently added 'github.com,52.74.223.119' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
Permission denied (publickey).
fatal: Could not read from remote repository.

Please make sure you have the correct access rights    ##推送失败,权限拒绝,因为通过的ssh推送的. ssh并没有做认证,所以失败了.
and the repository exists.
======

4. 配置ssh授权:
4.1. 生成sshkey:
[root@master leilei]# ssh-keygen -t rsa                  #生成rsa认证密钥
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):   #回车
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):   #回车
Enter same passphrase again:   #回车
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:aJ4RRvvqxKf7GVDKQesScH+N+62P9VuADxNphHqDEZs root@master
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
|  . . o .. ..    |
|   o + o.=.. .   |
|    . B E+. +    |
|     = Oo.o. o   |
|    . O S. .+ .  |
|     = = . . + . |
|      * o . o . .|
|     o o o + . . |
|      +oo o.. o. |
+----[SHA256]-----+
#经过密钥生成后,在家目录的.ssh/ 目录会生成密钥文件:
[root@master leilei]# ll /root/.ssh/
total 12
-rw------- 1 root root 1675 Dec 15 22:01 id_rsa
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  393 Dec 15 22:01 id_rsa.pub
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  406 Dec 15 21:58 known_hosts
4.2. 将公钥推填写到github上:
[root@master leilei]# cat /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub 
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQCxrFM7DK6nufZBOBohX0719ppOekhOdEY9NCmqx6q7xIAlXCnuLKeI8MiGbYXYSuN3qy/YPd4We4Ni78ASjYc/14ia506rhQjxi6FLqDLylYKAXc1xOx/JX+27eQc14/GPD9dTdFS1OunkFW0a3TqiVA36p94z0hrzGNFKkqk5Zs02TF97qQDXndtzw+1RgR5BQ9DeNxjlZFmWS861akHIHas+G8I5tWIwu5uY/rswlZWVYQqZuD9wgWl87ZlsnZuVinx5spXpvUl2ESJ2jBr+P1yqT44z+rO5NkV0o7rSzVACx2Dfn/pFkW5OyvIZrC6MqeCddkD7H7eQx54Im9ah root@master

4.3. 在github中的设置里添加ssh密钥:
步骤见下图


5. 在命令行中推送资源到github:
git push -u origin master   #将刚才添加到暂存区的文件同步到github上.

[root@master leilei]# git push -u origin master    #[这个时间很长..]
Counting objects: 5, done.
Writing objects: 100% (3/3), 261 bytes | 0 bytes/s, done.
Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
To git@github.com:chenleilei90/leilei.git
   a381abd..019f126  master -> master
Branch master set up to track remote branch master from origin


5.1 总结推送资源到仓库:
git remote add origin git@github.com:chenleilei90/leilei.git
git push -u origin master


重新推送一次:
[root@master leilei]# echo "chenleilei qq 370460370" >>chenleilei
[root@master leilei]# git add chenleilei
[root@master leilei]# git commit -m "chenleilei tijiao de test"
[master e4aaaba] chenleilei tijiao de test
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
 create mode 100644 chenleilei
[root@master leilei]# git push -u origin master 
Counting objects: 4, done.
Delta compression using up to 2 threads.
Compressing objects: 100% (2/2), done.
Writing objects: 100% (3/3), 297 bytes | 0 bytes/s, done.
Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
To git@github.com:chenleilei90/leilei.git
   019f126..e4aaaba  master -> master
Branch master set up to track remote branch master from origin.

5.2 截图看下面:

第三步截图:

在github中的设置里添加ssh密钥:

004. github使用_sed_08

004. github使用_推送_09

004. github使用_github_10

004. github使用_sed_11

5.2 推送结果截图:

004. github使用_2d_12

内容:

004. github使用_github_13

测试推送:

#推送资源总结
1. github中添加sshkey
服务器生成key:
[root@master leilei]# ssh-keygen -t rsa
[root@master leilei]# ll /root/.ssh/
total 12
-rw------- 1 root root 1675 Dec 15 22:01 id_rsa
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  393 Dec 15 22:01 id_rsa.pub
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  406 Dec 15 21:58 known_hosts
2. 复制key中的文件信息:
root@master leilei]# cat /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub 
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQCxrFM7DK6nufZBOBohX0719ppOekhOdEY9NCmqx6q7xIAlXCnuLKeI8MiGbYXYSuN3qy/YPd4We4Ni78ASjYc/14ia506rhQjxi6FLqDLylYKAXc1xOx/JX+27eQc14/GPD9dTdFS1OunkFW0a3TqiVA36p94z0hrzGNFKkqk5Zs02TF97qQDXndtzw+1RgR5BQ9DeNxjlZFmWS861akHIHas+G8I5tWIwu5uY/rswlZWVYQqZuD9wgWl87ZlsnZuVinx5spXpvUl2ESJ2jBr+P1yqT44z+rO5NkV0o7rSzVACx2Dfn/pFkW5OyvIZrC6MqeCddkD7H7eQx54Im9ah root@master

3. 打开github [https://github.com/settings/keys]
  3.1 点击 "New SSH key" 按钮 添加新的密钥
  3.2 Title 随便写
  3.3 key 填写 cat /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub 中的信息, 然后点击 "Add SSH key" 按钮来添加key信息

4. linux中初始化一个仓库,然后推送数据.
[root@master ~]# cd /leilei
[root@master leilei]# git init   #初始化仓库
[root@master leilei]# echo "chenleilei qq 370460370" >>chenleilei
[root@master leilei]# git add chenleilei
[root@master leilei]# git commit -m "chenleilei tijiao de test"
[root@master leilei]# git push -u origin master

5. 进入自己的git检查数据是否推送:
https://github.com/[用户名]/[项目名]
如:
https://github.com/chenleilei90/leilei
# 注意推送不上去[首先pull下来,然后再推送]

git clone 下载代码

004. github使用_2d_14

复制连接后在服务器上克隆一份代码

git clone [复制的代码连接]
如:
git clone git@github.com:chenleilei90/leilei.git

clone测试:
1.  进入一个新目录
2.  执行git clone git@github.com:chenleilei90/leilei.git
3.  检查是否是我们推上去的代码
[root@master leilei]# mkdir /test
[root@master leilei]# cd /test/
[root@master test]# ls
[root@master test]# git clone git@github.com:chenleilei90/leilei.git
Cloning into 'leilei'...
remote: Enumerating objects: 15, done.
remote: Counting objects: 100% (15/15), done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (6/6), done.
remote: Total 15 (delta 0), reused 15 (delta 0), pack-reused 0
Receiving objects: 100% (15/15), done.
[root@master test]# ls
leilei
[root@master test]# ls leilei/
chenleilei  README.md

##验证
[root@master test]# cat leilei/chenleilei   #查看是否是我们写的代码
chenleilei qq 370460370

git推送

代码克隆下来后默认会添加一个远程仓库.
[root@master leilei]# git remote
origin

#创建文件推送到远程仓库
[root@master leilei]# touch aa
[root@master leilei]# git add .
[root@master leilei]# git commit -m "lalala"
[master 68b0044] lalala
 1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 aa
[root@master leilei]# git push -u origin master      #推送
Counting objects: 4, done.
Delta compression using up to 2 threads.
Compressing objects: 100% (2/2), done.
Writing objects: 100% (3/3), 291 bytes | 0 bytes/s, done.
Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
To git@github.com:chenleilei90/leilei.git
   e4aaaba..68b0044  master -> master
Branch master set up to track remote branch master from origin.

现在去仓库看看是否推成功.

004. github使用_sed_15

这样配置后,我们任何时候修改文件,都可以推送文件了.

多人协作时推送文件

用户通过 git clone 了相关代码改动后,远程文件只有与本地文件的版本相同才可以进行推送.
如果 A用户 git clone了一份代码 B用户也 git clone 了一份代码.   A已经修改过然后提交了.  B修改后提交会出现报错.
原因是 A用户已经提交过一次,提交后的代码与B用户最初下载的代码不同.所以无法推送,如果需要推送. B用户需要重新git clone一份到本地 修改后再次提交才可以.

多分枝协同推送: 
git fetch    # 最新内容拉取到本地
git merge origin/master    #让远程与本地合并
git push -u origin master  #然后本地修改后推送到远程合并.

只要是没办法推上去因为本地仓库与远程不一致,这时候就需要重新拉取到本地,然后再进行合并.

004. github使用_推送_16