【hibernate】之关于一对一单向,双向关联映射
首先我们来看,Hibernate官方对于一对一单向关联的解释:
基于外键关联的单向一对一关联和单向多对一关联几乎是一样的。唯一的不同就是单向一对一关
联中的外键字段具有唯一性约束。
ok,那我们也可以这样理解,一对一其实就是多对一关联的特殊形式,我们知道Hibernate的配置方式有两种,分别是Annotations,XML两种配置方式!
Annotations的一对一单向关联映射
人(User)和***号(Card)
@Entity @Table(name="t_user") publicclass User { private Integer id; private String name; private Card card; @OneToOne @JoinColumn(name="card_id",unique=true)//name是自定义关联外键的列名 public Card getCard() { returncard; } publicvoid setCard(Card card) { this.card = card; } @Id @GeneratedValue public Integer getId() { returnid; } publicvoid setId(Integerid) { this.id = id; } @Column(name="name") public String getName() { returnname; } publicvoid setName(Stringname) { this.name = name; }
@Entity @Table(name="t_card") publicclass Card { private Integer id; private String num; @Id @GeneratedValue public Integer getId() { returnid; } publicvoid setId(Integerid) { this.id = id; } @Column(name="card_id") public String getNum() { returnnum; } publicvoid setNum(Stringnum) { this.num = num; } }
XML一对一单向关联
Person和Group,一个人只能在一个组
publicclass Group { private Integer id; private String name; public Integer getId() { returnid; } publicvoid setId(Integerid) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { returnname; } publicvoid setName(Stringname) { this.name = name; } }
publicclass Person { private Integer id; private String name; private Integer age; private Group group; public Group getGroup() { returngroup; } publicvoid setGroup(Groupgroup) { this.group = group; } public Integer getId() { returnid; } publicvoid setId(Integerid) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(Stringname) { this.name = name; } public Integer getAge() { return age; } publicvoid setAge(Integer age){ this.age = age; } }
<?xml version="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-mapping package="csg.hibernate.entity"> <class name="Group" table="t_group"> <id name="id"> <column name="id"/> <generator class="native" /> </id> <property name="name" /> </class> </hibernate-mapping>
<?xml version="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-mapping package="csg.hibernate.entity"> <class name="Person" table="t_person"> <id name="id"> <column name="id"/> <generator class="native" /> </id> <property name="name" /> <property name="age" /> <many-to-one name="group" column="group_id" unique="true" not-null="true" /> </class> </hibernate-mapping>
Ok,到这里,大家就有点疑惑,为什么我们的Annotaions配置采用的是one-to-one而我们的xml配置采用的是many-to-one呢?
当然XML配置是我参考Hibernate的文档而来,因为一对一本身就是多对一的特殊形式,
但是配置many-to-one又给我们一种暗示,多个***号对应一个人,所以Hibernate根据这种情况提供unique唯一性来确认!
Annotations一对一双向关联映射
User和Card
@Entity @Table(name="t_user") publicclass User { private Integer id; private String name; private Card card; @OneToOne @JoinColumn(name="card_id",unique=true)//name主要是自定义关联外键的列名 public Card getCard() { returncard; } publicvoid setCard(Cardcard) { this.card = card; } @Id @GeneratedValue public Integer getId() { returnid; } publicvoid setId(Integerid) { this.id = id; } @Column(name="name") public String getName() { returnname; } publicvoid setName(Stringname) { this.name = name; } }
@Entity @Table(name="t_card") publicclass Card { private Integer id; private String num; private User user; @OneToOne(mappedBy="card")//mappedBy的意思是指定User中的card作为关联外键,否则User和Card都会出现外键 public User getUser() { returnuser; } publicvoid setUser(Useruser) { this.user = user; } @Id @GeneratedValue public Integer getId() { returnid; } publicvoid setId(Integerid) { this.id = id; } @Column(name="card_id") public String getNum() { returnnum; } publicvoid setNum(Stringnum) { this.num = num; } }
Ok?那么我们可以看到在Annotaions中的配置都是ont-to-one,那么我们在xml中的配置呢?
<?xml version="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-mapping package="csg.hibernate.entity"> <class name="Person" table="t_person"> <id name="id"> <column name="id"/> <generator class="native" /> </id> <property name="name" /> <property name="age" /> <many-to-one name="group" column="group_id" unique="true" not-null="true" /> </class> </hibernate-mapping>
<?xml version="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-mapping package="csg.hibernate.entity"> <class name="Group" table="t_group"> <id name="id"> <column name="id"/> <generator class="native" /> </id> <property name="name" /> <!-- many-to-one这种配置会分别在两个表中都产生外键,造成数据的多余,通常我们采用one-to-one的形式在xml中配置 --> <many-to-one name="Person" column="person_id" unique="true" /> <!-- <one-to-onename="person"property-ref="group"/> --> </class> </hibernate-mapping>
ok,到这里一对一的单双向关联映射基本上就是这样,随笔之作,有问题,请留言!