fdisk –l 查看磁盘
Disk /dev/sda: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 13 104391 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 14 2610 20860402+ 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Disk /dev/sdb doesn't contain a valid partition table
Disk /dev/sdc: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Disk /dev/sdc doesn't contain a valid partition table
Disk /dev/sdd: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Disk /dev/sdd doesn't contain a valid partition table
Disk /dev/sde: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Disk /dev/sde doesn't contain a valid partition table
[root@xiaofan ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 13 104391 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 14 2610 20860402+ 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Disk /dev/sdb doesn't contain a valid partition table
Disk /dev/sdc: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Disk /dev/sdc doesn't contain a valid partition table
Disk /dev/sdd: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Disk /dev/sdd doesn't contain a valid partition table
Disk /dev/sde: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Disk /dev/sde doesn't contain a valid partition table
[root@xiaofan ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
content won't be recoverable.
The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 2610.
There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
and could in certain setups cause problems with:
1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
(e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
2、Fdisk /dev/sdb…e 分别对bcde创建分区
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-2610, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-2610, default 2610):
Using default value 2610
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@xiaofan ~]#
fdisk –l 分区后的硬盘
Disk /dev/sda: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 13 104391 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 14 2610 20860402+ 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 2610 20964793+ 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdc: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdc1 1 2610 20964793+ 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdd: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdd1 1 2610 20964793+ 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sde: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sde1 1 2610 20964793+ 83 Linux
创建raid10
[root@xiaofan ~]# mdadm --create --auto=yes /dev/md10 --level=10 --raid-devices=4 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1 /dev/sde1
mdadm: array /dev/md10 started.
mdadm --detail /dev/md10 查看raid10
/dev/md10:
Version : 0.90
Creation Time : Fri Jan 4 21:31:53 2013
Raid Level : raid10
Array Size : 41929344 (39.99 GiB 42.94 GB)
Used Dev Size : 20964672 (19.99 GiB 21.47 GB)
Raid Devices : 4
Total Devices : 4
Preferred Minor : 10
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Fri Jan 4 21:31:53 2013
State : clean, resyncing
Active Devices : 4
Working Devices : 4
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 0
Layout : near=2
Chunk Size : 64K
Rebuild Status : 7% complete
UUID : 75e59dae:bf5026fa:7ce22985:cf90b75b
Events : 0.1
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
0 8 17 0 active sync /dev/sdb1
1 8 33 1 active sync /dev/sdc1
2 8 49 2 active sync /dev/sdd1
3 8 65 3 active sync /dev/sde1
创建逻辑卷pvcreate /dev/md10
Physical volume "/dev/md10" successfully created
You have mail in /var/spool/mail/root
[root@xiaofan ~]# pvdisplay 查看逻辑卷
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda2
VG Name VolGroup00
PV Size 19.89 GB / not usable 19.49 MB
Allocatable yes (but full)
PE Size (KByte) 32768
Total PE 636
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 636
PV UUID dKtlbA-1xfn-UoNc-33QI-nOIS-EdQd-z3dESY
"/dev/md10" is a new physical volume of "39.99 GB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/md10
VG Name
PV Size 39.99 GB
Allocatable NO
PE Size (KByte) 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID eG1GgL-3w4g-aCPq-ajG0-cuIV-2wSS-WsC4J4
[root@xiaofan ~]# vgcreate -s 16M vgroup /dev/md10创建卷组vgroup由md10组成pv为16m
/dev/cdrom: open failed: 只读文件系统
/dev/cdrom: open failed: 只读文件系统
Attempt to close device '/dev/cdrom' which is not open.
Volume group "vgroup" successfully created
lvcreate -l 200 -n lv vgroup在vgroup卷组创建lv指定pe个数为200
Logical volume "lv" created
[root@xiaofan ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/vgroup/lv 格式化lv
mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
409600 inodes, 819200 blocks
40960 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=838860800
25 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
16384 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (16384 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 27 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
[root@xiaofan ~]#
[root@xiaofan ~]# lvdisplay /dev/vgroup/lv查看指定lv使用3.12G
--- Logical volume ---
LV Name /dev/vgroup/lv
VG Name vgroup
LV UUID faUbEQ-bD1q-lWU8-PQqa-fPgG-y5Tt-VgIKdV
LV Write Access read/write
LV Status available
# open 0
LV Size 3.12 GB
Current LE 200
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 512
Block device 253:2
[root@xiaofan ~]# vgdisplay vgroup查看卷组vgroup使用情况
Invalid volume group name: vgroup/
[root@xiaofan ~]# vgdisplay vgroup
--- Volume group ---
VG Name vgroup
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 2
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 1
Open LV 0
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size 39.98 GB
PE Size 16.00 MB
Total PE 2559
Alloc PE / Size 200 / 3.12 GB 使用的lv
Free PE / Size 2359 / 36.86 GB剩余大小
VG UUID uZ1b6P-pgZs-StTG-bUx2-Yz7n-3XkP-GOCfnx
[root@xiaofan ~]# umount /mnt
umount: /mnt: not mounted
[root@xiaofan ~]# umount /mnt
umount: /mnt: not mounted
[root@xiaofan ~]# cd /mnt
[root@xiaofan mnt]# ls
hgfs
[root@xiaofan mnt]# mount /dev/vgroup/lv /mnt
[root@xiaofan mnt]# cd /mnt
[root@xiaofan mnt]# ls
lost+found
[root@xiaofan mnt]# cd
mount -o remount,usrquota,grpquota /mnt
[root@xiaofan ~]# vi /etc/fstab
[root@xiaofan ~]# umount /mnt
[root@xiaofan mnt]# mount –a
vi /etc/mdadm.conf
ARRAY /dev/md10 UUID= 75e59dae:bf5026fa:7ce22985:cf90b75b6 vi /etc/fstab
vi /etc/fstab
/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 / ext3 defaults 1 1
LABEL=/boot /boot ext3 defaults 1 2
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol01 swap swap defaults 0 0
/dev/vgroup/lv /mnt ext3 defaults,usrquota,grpquota 0 0
[root@xiaofan ~]# quotacheck -auvg
quotacheck: Scanning /dev/mapper/vgroup-lv [/mnt]
quotacheck: Cannot stat old user quota file: 没有那个文件或目录
quotacheck: Cannot stat old group quota file: 没有那个文件或目录
quotacheck: Cannot stat old user quota file: 没有那个文件或目录
quotacheck: Cannot stat old group quota file: 没有那个文件或目录
done
quotacheck: Checked 3 directories and 2 files
quotacheck: Old file not found.
quotacheck: Old file not found.
[root@xiaofan ~]# quotaon -auvg
/dev/mapper/vgroup-lv [/mnt]: group quotas turned on
/dev/mapper/vgroup-lv [/mnt]: user quotas turned on
[root@xiaofan ~]# useradd test
[root@xiaofan ~]# passwd test
Changing password for user test.
New UNIX password:
BAD PASSWORD: it does not contain enough DIFFERENT characters
Retype new UNIX password:
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
[root@xiaofan ~]# edquota -u test
edquota: Bad format:
/dev/mapper/vgroup-lv 0 1024 2048 0 0 0
edquota: Can't read quotas from file.
dd if=/dev/zero of=/mnt/1.txt block=1M count=2 测试输入1m2次
[test@xiaofan mnt]$ dd if=/dev/zero pf=/mnt/1.txt bs=1M count=1
dd: unrecognized operand “pf”=“/mnt/1.txt”
请尝试执行“dd --help”来获取更多信息。
[test@xiaofan mnt]$ dd if=/dev/zero of=/mnt/1.txt bs=1M count=1
dm-2: warning, user block quota exceeded.
1+0 records in
1+0 records out
1048576 bytes (1.0 MB) copied, 0.0303965 seconds, 34.5 MB/s
[test@xiaofan mnt]$ dd if=/dev/zero of=/mnt/1.txt bs=1M count=2
dm-2: warning, user block quota exceeded.
dm-2: write failed, user block limit reached.
dd: 写入 “/mnt/1.txt”: 超出磁盘限额
