heartbeat v1+NFS实现web高可用集群(一)_heartbeat HA 高可用集群


第一部分:集群中事务决策各层简介


· Messageing Layer:心跳信息传递层

· ha_aware :集群事务决策软件。自己能够利用底层心跳信息传递层的功能,调用他的api完成事务决策的软件。

· DC:Designated Coordinator:(选定的协调员)为了防止主节点挂掉之后从节点争抢。有多从节点推举产生。

· CRM: (董事长)Cluster Resources Manager:负责做出决策。高可用集群中,任何资源都不应该自行启动,而是用CRM管理启动与否。

· LRM:(总经理)local resources Manager;让CRM的决策落实执行。真正管理本地资源,让本地资源启动停止,和状态监控。

· RA:resource agent :RA能够接受CRM的调度用于实现在节点上对某一个资源进行管理的工具,这个工具通常就是脚本。任何一个资源配置都需要依赖一个脚本或者程序。(需要接受四个参数{start|stop|status|restart}  status:输出状态只能是running和stopped

failover:失效转移,故障转移

failback:失效转回,故障转回


每个层次中所用到的软件

· Messaging Layer:

heartbeat v1,v2,v3

corosync(openAIS):可用性事务委员会:定义开放的工业标准,为了能够让其理念让大家熟悉,openAIS推出了一个样例模版。corosync

cman(红帽):集群管理器。

· CRM:集群资源管理器:只要接口和信息层兼容,就可以独立使用。

heartbeat v1:haresour:配置文件 ;只是一个配置接口,

heartbeat v2:crm:(各节点都运行进程crmd;端口5566,客户端crmsh(shell)用户体验差):由于其不易配置,有人提供了接口heartbeat-GUI

heartbeat v3:heartbeat+pacemaker+ cluster-glue(黏合器):

pacemaker:(独立成了一个项目pacemaker)

配置接口:第三方开放配置工具,

CLI:命令行工具,crm(suse),pcs,---python语言研发

GUI:hawk(web界面),LCMC(窗口界面),pacemaker-mgmt

cman + rgmanager:

resource group manager:Failover Domanin:资源组管理器

配置接口:

RHCS:RedHat Cluster Suite

配置接口:Conga(完全生命周期的配置接口)安装,配置,资源,启动

· RA的类型。

heartbeat legacy:heartbeat的传统类型

LSB:脚本/etc/rc.d/init.d/*

OCF:Open Cluster Framework:开放集群框架
 provider:pacemaker:资源代理脚本的组织
      linbit      :提供的资源代理

STONITH:节点隔离

· keepalived:命令。轻量级,跟前边的风格不同。借助vrrp协议完成ip地址资源流转,并利用自己内部的实现脚本调用的接口完成高可用功能。vrrp:虚拟路由冗余协议。
应用场景:
     keepalived+ipvs
     keepalived+haproxy

· RHEL OR CentOS高可用集群解决方案:
 红帽5:
   自带:RHCS(camn+rgmanager)
   选用第三方:corosync+pacemaker,heartbeat(v1或v2),keepalived
 红帽6:
     自带:RHCS(cman+rgmanager)
        corosync+rgmanager
        cman+pacemaker
        heartbeat v3 + pacemaker
     keepalived
应用方法:
   做前端负载均衡的高可用:keepalived
   做大规模的高可用集群:corosync或(cman+pacemaker)支持多大100个节点



使用共享存储的时候,为了加快速度,存储元数据会保存的内存中,如果有两个集群节点同时对数据写操作,会导致文件系统崩溃。


实现资源隔离的方式:

   可能需要借助硬件;1、硬件芯片(需要认证机制)。2、切断电源交换机。3、ssh


两个节点的集群是个特殊集群,断开的时候无法决策,此时可以使用ping node判断。

   仲裁设备:

1 ping node    ping group

2 qdisk:(红帽)选择一个硬盘

备用节点获取权限的时候为了放至其他集群访问资源,造成文件系统崩溃。需要让其他集群节点彻底kill掉。




第二部分:具体配置布置

1、确保两个节点主机名和解析,时间一至。时间可以使用ntp服务器来统一,请自行安装。在两台node上做相同配置

[root@node1 ~]# ntpdate 172.16.0.1
17 Apr 22:12:41 ntpdate[2079]: adjust time server 172.16.0.1 offset -0.001233 sec
[root@node1 ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network
NETWORKING=yes
HOSTNAME=node1.nyist.com
[root@node1 ~]# uname -n
node1.nyist.com
[root@node1 ~]# vim /etc/hosts
172.16.20.31 node1.nyist.com node1
172.16.20.32 node2.nyist.com node2
[root@node1 ~]# ping node1
PING node1.syist.com (172.16.20.31) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from node1.syist.com (172.16.20.31): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.052 ms
64 bytes from node1.syist.com (172.16.20.31): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.0

2、配置两节点实现基于ssh的密钥认证:目的是为了方便使用ssh命令管理对方节点。简化操作,当然,你要是有精力一次又一次的输入秘密验证,那此步骤也可以省略。(两个节点同时做一下操作)

[root@node1 ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa -P ‘’
[root@node1 ~]# ls .ssh/
authorized_keys  id_rsa  id_rsa.pub
[root@node1 ~]# ssh-copy-id -i .ssh/id_rsa.pub root@node2.nyist.com
[root@node1 ~]# ssh node2
Last login: Thu Apr 17 22:24:51 2014 from 172.16.20.55
[root@node2 ~]#

   3、Ok开始安装程序吧、(双节的都要安装)

[root@node1 heartbeat2]# yum install perl-TimeDate PyXML libnet net-snmp-libs
首先用yum先解决一些依赖。然后用rpm安装,注意,安装heartbeat的时候不要用yum,因为用yum安装会因为版本问题替换掉heartbeat所依赖的一下包。
[root@node1 heartbeat2]# rpm -ivh heartbeat-2.1.4-12.el6.x86_64.rpm heartbeat-pils-2.1.4-12.el6.x86_64.rpm heartbeat-stonith-2.1.4-12.el6.x86_64.rpm

4、安装好了让我们来配置吧。安装好heartbeat后,并没有生成配置文件,但是heartbeat提供了配置文件样本,所以需要我们将其copy过来。注意authkey的访问权限需要是600,因为它是跟安全相关的。

[root@node1 ha.d]# cp /usr/share/doc/heartbeat-2.1.4/authkeys /etc/ha.d
[root@node1 ha.d]# cp /usr/share/doc/heartbeat-2.1.4/ha.cf /etc/ha.d
[root@node1 ha.d]# cp /usr/share/doc/heartbeat-2.1.4/haresources /etc/ha.d

   5、修改配置文件参数时其适用你的要求

[root@node1 ha.d]# vim authkeys
auth 2
#1 crc
2 sha1 redhat
#3 md5 Hello!
[root@node1 ha.d]# chmod 600 authkeys
[root@node1 ha.d]# vim ha.cf--------主配置文件
#debugfile /var/log/ha-debug------调试的时候开启用
  File to write other messages to
#
logfile /var/log/ha-log---------------日志记录位置
#logfacility    local0--------------也可以local7收日志
keepalive 1500ms-------------------心跳检测时间间隔
#
#       deadtime: how long-to-declare-host-dead?
deadtime 6--------------------确认死亡时间
warntime 3-------------------节点掉线警告
#       serial  serialportname ...---串行心跳线时候使用的
#serial /dev/ttyS0      # Linux
#serial /dev/cuaa0      # FreeBSD
#serial /dev/cuad0      # FreeBSD 6.x
#serial /dev/cua/a      # Solaris
mcast eth0 225.0.100.1 694 1 0---------多播方式通知
auto_failback on-------------------是否实现自动转回。
#stonith baytech /etc/ha.d/conf/stonith.baytech-------stonith设备,有设备了可以启用
node    node1.nyist.com-------------------标识节点个数
node    node2.nyist.com
#debug 1------------------------------------调试级别
#compression    bz2-------------压缩
#compression_threshold 2

分别给两个节点提供两个简单的验证页面然后验证httpd是否正常服务。切记不能让服务开机自动启动

[root@node1 ha.d]# curl node1
<h1>172.16.20.31@@@node1</h1>
[root@node1 ha.d]# curl node2
curl: (7) couldn't connect to host
[root@node1 ha.d]# curl node2
<h1>172.16.20.32@@@node2</h1>
[root@node1 ha.d]# chkconfig httpd off
[root@node1 ha.d]# ssh node2 'chkconfig httpd off'

   6、定义资源管理器开始提供服务。

[root@node1 ha.d]# vim haresources
node1.nyist.com 172.16.20.100/16/eth0 httpd
定义虚拟IP:172.16.20.100

(定义资源:1.ip2.httpd服务)

Ip:会自动去/etc/ha.d/resource.d目录下找IP定义的脚本定义IP

定义的Httpd服务也会去次目录还有/etc/rc.d/init.d/目录下找相应的服务

[root@node1 ha.d]# ls /etc/ha.d/resource.d/

apache             IPaddr             OCF

AudibleAlarm       IPaddr2            portblock

db2                IPsrcaddr          Raid1

Delay              IPv6addr           SendArp

Filesystem         LinuxSCSI          ServeRAID

hto-mapfuncs       LVM                WAS

ICP                LVSSyncDaemonSwap  WinPopup

ids                MailTo             Xinetd

Cp到节点二

[root@node1 ha.d]# scp ha.cf authkeys haresources root@node2:/etc/ha.d

   7、启动服务

[root@node1 ~]# service heartbeat start
logd is already running
Starting High-Availability services:
2014/04/17_23:46:35 INFO:  Resource is stopped
2014/04/17_23:46:35 INFO:  Resource is stopped
Done.
[root@node1 ~]# ssh node2 'service heartbeat start'
[root@node1 ha.d]# ifconfig
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:02:06:8E
          inet addr:172.16.20.31  Bcast:172.16.255.255  Mask:255.255.0.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe02:68e/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:33997 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:6394 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:24361024 (23.2 MiB)  TX bytes:777306 (759.0 KiB)
eth0:0    Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:02:06:8E
          inet addr:172.16.20.100  Bcast:172.16.255.255  Mask:255.255.0.0
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
lo        Link encap:Local Loopback
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:16436  Metric:1
          RX packets:78 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:78 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
          RX bytes:9562 (9.3 KiB)  TX bytes:9562 (9.3 KiB)


   8、查看日志可以看出,有一个节点尝试连接,时间超时后自动KILL

[root@node1 ~]# tail /var/log/ha-log -f
.heartbeat[2600]: 2014/04/18_18:41:12 info: **************************
heartbeat[2600]: 2014/04/18_18:41:12 info: Configuration validated. Starting heartbeat 2.1.4
heartbeat[2601]: 2014/04/18_18:41:12 info: heartbeat: version 2.1.4
heartbeat[2601]: 2014/04/18_18:41:12 info: Heartbeat generation: 1397817331
heartbeat[2601]: 2014/04/18_18:41:12 info: glib: UDP multicast heartbeat started for group 228.15.100.1 port 694 interface eth0 (ttl=1 loop=0)
heartbeat[2601]: 2014/04/18_18:41:12 info: glib: ping heartbeat started.
heartbeat[2601]: 2014/04/18_18:41:12 info: G_main_add_TriggerHandler: Added signal manual handler
heartbeat[2601]: 2014/04/18_18:41:12 info: G_main_add_TriggerHandler: Added signal manual handler
heartbeat[2601]: 2014/04/18_18:41:12 info: G_main_add_SignalHandler: Added signal handler for signal 17
heartbeat[2601]: 2014/04/18_18:41:12 info: Local status now set to: 'up'
heartbeat[2601]: 2014/04/18_18:41:13 info: Link 172.16.0.1:172.16.0.1 up.
heartbeat[2601]: 2014/04/18_18:41:13 info: Status update for node 172.16.0.1: status ping
heartbeat[2601]: 2014/04/18_18:41:31 WARN: node node2.nyist.com: is dead
heartbeat[2601]: 2014/04/18_18:41:31 info: Comm_now_up(): updating status to active
heartbeat[2601]: 2014/04/18_18:41:31 info: Local status now set to: 'active'
heartbeat[2601]: 2014/04/18_18:41:31 WARN: No STONITH device configured.
heartbeat[2601]: 2014/04/18_18:41:31 WARN: Shared disks are not protected.
heartbeat[2601]: 2014/04/18_18:41:31 info: Resources being acquired from node2.nyist.com.
harc[2613]:2014/04/18_18:41:31 info: Running /etc/ha.d/rc.d/status status
mach_down[2644]:2014/04/18_18:41:31 info: /usr/share/heartbeat/mach_down: nice_failback: foreign resources acquired
mach_down[2644]:2014/04/18_18:41:31 info: mach_down takeover complete for node node2.nyist.com.
heartbeat[2601]: 2014/04/18_18:41:31 info: mach_down takeover complete.
heartbeat[2601]: 2014/04/18_18:41:31 info: Initial resource acquisition complete (mach_down)
IPaddr[2687]:2014/04/18_18:41:31 INFO:  Resource is stopped
heartbeat[2614]: 2014/04/18_18:41:31 info: Local Resource acquisition completed.
harc[2747]:2014/04/18_18:41:31 info: Running /etc/ha.d/rc.d/ip-request-resp ip-request-resp
ip-request-resp[2747]:2014/04/18_18:41:31 received ip-request-resp 172.16.20.100/16/eth0 OK yes
ResourceManager[2766]:2014/04/18_18:41:31 info: Acquiring resource group: node1.nyist.com 172.16.20.100/16/eth0 httpd
IPaddr[2792]:2014/04/18_18:41:31 INFO:  Resource is stopped
ResourceManager[2766]:2014/04/18_18:41:31 info: Running /etc/ha.d/resource.d/IPaddr 172.16.20.100/16/eth0 start
IPaddr[2889]:2014/04/18_18:41:31 INFO: Using calculated netmask for 172.16.20.100: 255.255.0.0
IPaddr[2889]:2014/04/18_18:41:31 INFO: eval ifconfig eth0:0 172.16.20.100 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 172.16.255.255
IPaddr[2860]:2014/04/18_18:41:31 INFO:  Success
ResourceManager[2766]:2014/04/18_18:41:31 info: Running /etc/init.d/httpd  start
heartbeat[2601]: 2014/04/18_18:41:41 info: Local Resource acquisition completed. (none)
heartbeat[2601]: 2014/04/18_18:41:41 info: local resource transition completed.
heartbeat[2601]: 2014/04/18_18:43:42 info: Link node2.nyist.com:eth0 up.
heartbeat[2601]: 2014/04/18_18:43:42 info: Status update for node node2.nyist.com: status init
heartbeat[2601]: 2014/04/18_18:43:42 info: Status update for node node2.nyist.com: status up
harc[3034]:2014/04/18_18:43:42 info: Running /etc/ha.d/rc.d/status status
harc[3050]:2014/04/18_18:43:42 info: Running /etc/ha.d/rc.d/status status
heartbeat[2601]: 2014/04/18_18:43:43 info: Status update for node node2.nyist.com: status active
harc[3065]:2014/04/18_18:43:43 info: Running /etc/ha.d/rc.d/status status
heartbeat[2601]: 2014/04/18_18:43:44 info: remote resource transition completed.
heartbeat[2601]: 2014/04/18_18:43:44 info: node1.nyist.com wants to go standby [foreign]
heartbeat[2601]: 2014/04/18_18:43:44 info: standby: node2.nyist.com can take our foreign resources
heartbeat[3080]: 2014/04/18_18:43:44 info: give up foreign HA resources (standby).
heartbeat[3080]: 2014/04/18_18:43:45 info: foreign HA resource release completed (standby).
heartbeat[2601]: 2014/04/18_18:43:45 info: Local standby process completed [foreign].
heartbeat[2601]: 2014/04/18_18:43:45 WARN: 1 lost packet(s) for [node2.nyist.com] [11:13]
heartbeat[2601]: 2014/04/18_18:43:45 info: remote resource transition completed.
heartbeat[2601]: 2014/04/18_18:43:45 info: No pkts missing from node2.nyist.com!
heartbeat[2601]: 2014/04/18_18:43:45 info: Other node completed standby takeover of foreign resources.
Ourselves
[root@node2 ha.d]# tail /var/log/ha-log
heartbeat[17427]: 2014/04/18_18:43:41 info: **************************
heartbeat[17427]: 2014/04/18_18:43:41 info: Configuration validated. Starting heartbeat 2.1.4
heartbeat[17428]: 2014/04/18_18:43:41 info: heartbeat: version 2.1.4
heartbeat[17428]: 2014/04/18_18:43:41 info: Heartbeat generation: 1397749464
heartbeat[17428]: 2014/04/18_18:43:41 info: glib: UDP multicast heartbeat started for group 228.15.100.1 port 694 interface eth0 (ttl=1 loop=0)
heartbeat[17428]: 2014/04/18_18:43:41 info: glib: ping heartbeat started.
heartbeat[17428]: 2014/04/18_18:43:41 info: G_main_add_TriggerHandler: Added signal manual handler
heartbeat[17428]: 2014/04/18_18:43:41 info: G_main_add_TriggerHandler: Added signal manual handler
heartbeat[17428]: 2014/04/18_18:43:41 info: G_main_add_SignalHandler: Added signal handler for signal 17
heartbeat[17428]: 2014/04/18_18:43:42 info: Local status now set to: 'up'
heartbeat[17428]: 2014/04/18_18:43:42 info: Link 172.16.0.1:172.16.0.1 up.
heartbeat[17428]: 2014/04/18_18:43:42 info: Status update for node 172.16.0.1: status ping
heartbeat[17428]: 2014/04/18_18:43:43 info: Link node1.nyist.com:eth0 up.
heartbeat[17428]: 2014/04/18_18:43:43 info: Status update for node node1.nyist.com: status active
harc[17440]:2014/04/18_18:43:43 info: Running /etc/ha.d/rc.d/status status
heartbeat[17428]: 2014/04/18_18:43:43 info: Comm_now_up(): updating status to active
heartbeat[17428]: 2014/04/18_18:43:43 info: Local status now set to: 'active'
heartbeat[17428]: 2014/04/18_18:43:44 info: remote resource transition completed.
heartbeat[17428]: 2014/04/18_18:43:44 info: remote resource transition completed.
heartbeat[17428]: 2014/04/18_18:43:44 info: Local Resource acquisition completed. (none)
heartbeat[17428]: 2014/04/18_18:43:44 info: node1.nyist.com wants to go standby [foreign]
heartbeat[17428]: 2014/04/18_18:43:45 info: standby: acquire [foreign] resources from node1.nyist.com
heartbeat[17458]: 2014/04/18_18:43:45 info: acquire local HA resources (standby).
heartbeat[17458]: 2014/04/18_18:43:45 info: local HA resource acquisition completed (standby).
heartbeat[17428]: 2014/04/18_18:43:45 info: Standby resource acquisition done [foreign].
heartbeat[17428]: 2014/04/18_18:43:45 info: Initial resource acquisition complete (auto_failback)
heartbeat[17428]: 2014/04/18_18:43:45 info: remote resource transition completed.

   9、用浏览器验证故障专业效果。

关闭node1节点的时候转移到node2上。重新打开node1后,转移到了node1.因为我们设置了资源优先级。

heartbeat v1+NFS实现web高可用集群(一)_heartbeat HA 高可用集群_02

heartbeat v1+NFS实现web高可用集群(一)_heartbeat HA 高可用集群_03

heartbeat v1+NFS实现web高可用集群(一)_heartbeat HA 高可用集群_04


使用nfs创建共享存储:让web使用(假如不允许同时挂载)

  • 创建提供NFS的服务器


[root@My2 ~]# mkdir /www/htdoc -p
[root@My2 ~]# setfacl -m u:apache:rwx /www/htdoc/
[root@My2 ~]# vim /etc/exports
/www/htdoc 172.16.0.0/16 (rw)
[root@My2 ~]# vim /www/htdoc/index.html
<h1>from NFS server</h1>
[root@My2 ~]# servie nfs start


  • 去各节点编辑资源:


[root@node1 ha.d]# vim haresources
node1.nyist.com 172.16.20.100/16/eth0 Filesystem::172.16.20.32:/www/htdoc::/var/www/html::nfs httpd
定义了三个资源有先后顺序之分
    172.16.20.100/16/eth0
    172.16.20.32:/www/htdoc
    httpd



  • 重启heartbeat服务即可见成果,测试,停掉一台node后,不仅vip回收了,而且挂载的NFS也自动卸载掉了,放置对数据资源的占有,




故障转移的日志信息



IPaddr[22187]:2014/04/18_22:10:40 INFO:  Resource is stopped
ResourceManager[22161]:2014/04/18_22:10:40 info: Running /etc/ha.d/resource.d/IPaddr 172.16.20.100/16/eth0 start
IPaddr[22284]:2014/04/18_22:10:40 INFO: Using calculated netmask for 172.16.20.100: 255.255.0.0
IPaddr[22284]:2014/04/18_22:10:40 INFO: eval ifconfig eth0:0 172.16.20.100 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 172.16.255.255
IPaddr[22255]:2014/04/18_22:10:40 INFO:  Success
Filesystem[22385]:2014/04/18_22:10:40 INFO:  Resource is stopped
ResourceManager[22161]:2014/04/18_22:10:40 info: Running /etc/ha.d/resource.d/Filesystem 172.16.20.62:/www/htdoc /var/www/html nfs start
Filesystem[22463]:2014/04/18_22:10:41 INFO: Running start for 172.16.20.62:/www/htdoc on /var/www/html
Filesystem[22452]:2014/04/18_22:10:41 INFO:  Success
ResourceManager[22161]:2014/04/18_22:10:41 info: Running /etc/init.d/httpd  start
mach_down[22136]:2014/04/18_22:10:41 info: /usr/share/heartbeat/mach_down: nice_failback: foreign resources acquired
mach_down[22136]:2014/04/18_22:10:41 info: mach_down takeover complete for node node1.nyist.com.
heartbeat[22097]: 2014/04/18_22:10:41 info: mach_down takeover complete.
heartbeat[22097]: 2014/04/18_22:10:41 info: Initial resource acquisition complete (mach_down)
heartbeat[22097]: 2014/04/18_22:10:51 info: Local Resource acquisition completed. (none)
heartbeat[22097]: 2014/04/18_22:10:51 info: local resource transition completed.

测试页面


heartbeat v1+NFS实现web高可用集群(一)_heartbeat HA 高可用集群_05