用Instant Client，不安装oracle客户端使用sqlplus连接远程数据库

一、软件下载及环境配置
1.软件下载
到http://www.oracle.com/technology/software/tech/oci/instantclient/htdocs/winsoft.html下载如下三个包：
instantclient-basic-win32-10.2.0.4.zip
instantclient-jdbc-win32-10.2.0.4.zip
instantclient-sqlplus-win32-10.2.0.4.zip
将这三个包分别解压，然后内容放到C:\instantclient_10_2下

然后从一台安装了oem的机器上复制%ORACLE_HOME\network\admin\tnsnames.ora也放到C:\instantclient_10_2中

从http://www.anysql.net/software/ociuldr.zip下载coiuldr.zip，解压后里面有windows，linux，
solaris三个版本，将ociuldr.exe 复制到C:\instantclient_10_2，其中ociuldr.exe 是一个文本导出工具，具体参数可以参考http://www.anysql.net/ociuldr.html介绍

2.环境变量的设置
在PATH中增加;C:\instantclient_10_2；
新建SQLPATH，LOCAL，TNS_ADMIN，LD_LIBRARY_PATH四个环境变量名，变量值均为C:\instantclient_10_2；
如果查询结果为乱码，设置set NLS_LANG=XXXX（例如SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.ZHS16GBK）

3. 如果开发JAVA应用程序，还要配置一些环境变量,
例如CLASSPATH,JAVA_HOME等等. CLASSES12.jar 文件是
必须的，其他的根据需要添加.

4. 如果启动SQLPLUS时出现下面的错误:
ORA-12545: Connect failed because target host or object does not exist
试着把tnsnames.ora 中的host 改成IP地址。

二、运行
运行cmd
c:>sqlplus /nolog
SQL:>conn system/oracle@orc10g
这样就已经能连接远程服务器了

也可以这么连接：
conn system/oracle@//192.168.1.179:1521/orc10g连接
C:\instantclient_10_2>sqlplus /nolog
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Thu Nov 27 14:45:51 2008Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All Rights Reserved.
SQL> conn system/oracle@//192.168.1.179:1521/orc10g
Connected.
      
下面看一下ociuldr应用的方法：
C:\instantclient_10_2>ociuldr user=system/oracle@orc10g query="select username from dba_users" file=dba_users.txt
1550 bytes allocated for column USERNAME (1)
0 rows exported at 2008-11-27 14:49:44
29 rows exported at 2008-11-27 14:49:44
output file dba_users.txt closed at 29 rows.
这样查询结果就输出到dba_user.txt文件里面了。

配置tnsnames.ora和sqlnet.ora.。如果本机找不到示例文件，就从其他装有oracle的机器上拷一个。
我拷贝了10g和9i版本下各一份：
10g下tnsnames.ora内容
# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: C:\oracle\product\10.1.0\Db_1\network\admin\tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

ORC10G =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = database007)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = orc10g)
)
)

EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SID = PLSExtProc)
(PRESENTATION = RO)
)
)


10g下sqlnet.ora的内容
# sqlnet.ora Network Configuration File: C:\oracle\product\10.1.0\Db_1\network\admin\sqlnet.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES= (NTS)

NAMES.DIRECTORY_PATH= (TNSNAMES, EZCONNECT)


9i版本下的内容
# TNSNAMES.ORA Network Configuration File: d:\oracle\ora92\network\admin\tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

ORA9I_192.168.2.206 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.2.206)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SID = ora9i)
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
)
)

WS_192.168.1.101 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.101)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SID = ws)
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
)
)

ORA9I_192.168.2.50 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.2.50)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SID = ora9i)
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
)
)


9下sqlnet.ora的内容
# SQLNET.ORA Network Configuration File: d:\oracle\ora92\network\admin\sqlnet.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES= (NTS)

NAMES.DIRECTORY_PATH= (TNSNAMES, ONAMES, HOSTNAME)