最近ogg的灾备端复制进程中的一张表老是报错ORA-04031，但是又查不到原因，于是想用审计的方法来看到底这张表是被谁做了DML操作，把数据搞没了。本来想用数据库自带的审计功能参考：http://hbxztc.blog.51cto.com/1587495/1870181
但是需要重启数据库，就放弃了，上网查资料看到有人用触发器来实现这个功能，于是自己也做了尝试。
平台11.2.0.4
sys@ORCL>select * from v$version;
BANNER
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
PL/SQL Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
CORE 11.2.0.4.0 Production
TNS for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
创建测试表Orders
zx@ORCL>create table ORDERS
2 (
3 order_id NUMBER,
4 order_name VARCHAR2(10)
5 );
Table created.
创建用于记录DML操作记录的表
zx@ORCL>create table AUDIT_ORDERS
2 (
3 orderid_new NUMBER(38),
4 orderid_old NUMBER(38),
5 username VARCHAR2(30),
6 opt_date DATE,
7 opt_type VARCHAR2(10),
8 terminal VARCHAR2(50),
9 session_id NUMBER(10),
10 hostname VARCHAR2(50)
11 );
Table created.
创建触发器
zx@ORCL>CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER TRI_AUDIT_ORDERS
2 BEFORE INSERT OR UPDATE OR DELETE ON ORDERS
3 FOR EACH ROW
4 BEGIN
5 IF INSERTING THEN
6 INSERT INTO AUDIT_ORDERS
7 VALUES
8 (:NEW.ORDER_ID,
9 :OLD.ORDER_ID,
10 USER,
11 SYSDATE, --记录操作的时间
12 'INSERT',
13 SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV', 'TERMINAL'),--记录操作来源的终端信息
14 USERENV('SID'), --记录操作的SID
15 SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV', 'HOST')); --记录操作的主机名
16 ELSIF UPDATING THEN
17 INSERT INTO AUDIT_ORDERS
18 VALUES
19 (:NEW.ORDER_ID,
20 :OLD.ORDER_ID,
21 USER,
22 SYSDATE,
23 'UPDATE',
24 SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV', 'TERMINAL'),
25 USERENV('SID'),
26 SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV', 'HOST'));
27 ELSIF DELETING THEN
28 INSERT INTO AUDIT_ORDERS
29 VALUES
30 (:NEW.ORDER_ID,
31 :OLD.ORDER_ID,
32 USER,
33 SYSDATE,
34 'DELETE',
35 SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV', 'TERMINAL'),
36 USERENV('SID'),
37 SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV', 'HOST'));
38 END IF;
39 END;
40 /
Trigger created.
测试数据
--linux的sqlplus插入
zx@ORCL>insert into orders values(1,'zx');
1 row created.
zx@ORCL>commit;
Commit complete.
--windows的sqlplus插入
SQL> insert into orders values(2,'wl');
已创建 1 行。
SQL> commit;
提交完成。
--plsql插入
INSERT INTO orders VALUES(3,'yhz');
COMMIT;
--使用sys用户插入
zx@ORCL>conn / as sysdba
Connected.
sys@ORCL>insert into zx.orders values(4,'wj');
1 row created.
sys@ORCL>commit;
Commit complete.
--更新数据
zx@ORCL>update orders set order_id=10 where order_id=1;
1 row updated.
zx@ORCL>commit;
Commit complete.
--删除数据
zx@ORCL>delete from orders where order_id<3;
1 row deleted.
zx@ORCL>commit;
Commit complete.
查看记录表中的记录
--测试表记录
zx@ORCL>select * from orders;
ORDER_ID ORDER_NAME
---------- ------------------------------
3 yhz
10 zx
4 wj
--审计表记录
SQL> col username for a10
SQL> col hostname for a20
SQL> alter session set nls_date_format='yyyymmdd hh24:mi:ss';
会话已更改。
SQL> set linesize 200
SQL> select * from audit_orders;
ORDERID_NEW ORDERID_OLD USERNAME OPT_DATE OPT_TYPE TERMINAL SESSION_ID HOSTNAME
----------- ----------- ---------- ----------------- -------------------- ---------------------------------------- ---------- --------------------
3 ZX 20170104 21:32:46 INSERT VICTOR-PC 10 WORKGROUP\VICTOR-PC
1 ZX 20170104 21:30:32 INSERT pts/0 24 rhel6
2 ZX 20170104 21:31:47 INSERT VICTOR-PC 146 WORKGROUP\VICTOR-PC
4 SYS 20170104 21:33:52 INSERT pts/0 24 rhel6
10 1 ZX 20170104 21:37:26 UPDATE pts/0 24 rhel6
2 ZX 20170104 21:37:50 DELETE pts/0 24 rhel6
已选择 6 行。
审计表记录了所有的DML操作，可以用于审计哪些用户对表做了哪些操作。
参考：
http://www.cnblogs.com/wanglibo/articles/2121098.html
http://www.cnblogs.com/huyong/archive/2011/04/27/2030466.html
