CentOS 7.3 配置postfix并发送邮件

查看系统版本 [root@nginx01 ~]# uname -nrm nginx01 3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64 x86_64 [root@nginx01 ~]# uname -a Linux nginx01 3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Tue Nov 22 16:42:41 UTC 2016 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux [root@nginx01 ~]#

安装postfix作为邮件MAT [root@nginx01 ~]# yum install postfix

安装mailx作为发送邮件客户端 [root@nginx01 ~]# yum install mailx

检查是否安装成功 [root@nginx01 ~]# rpm -qa | grep -E 'postfix|mailx' mailx-12.5-16.el7.x86_64 postfix-2.10.1-6.el7.x86_64 [root@nginx01 ~]#

检查上述postfix和mailx安装了那些文件

[root@nginx01 ~]# rpm -ql postfix /etc/pam.d/smtp /etc/pam.d/smtp.postfix /etc/postfix /etc/postfix/access /etc/postfix/canonical /etc/postfix/generic /etc/postfix/header_checks /etc/postfix/main.cf /etc/postfix/master.cf /etc/postfix/relocated /etc/postfix/transport /etc/postfix/virtual /etc/sasl2/smtpd.conf /usr/bin/mailq /usr/bin/mailq.postfix /usr/bin/newaliases /usr/bin/newaliases.postfix /usr/bin/rmail /usr/bin/rmail.postfix /usr/lib/sendmail /usr/lib/sendmail.postfix /usr/lib/systemd/system/postfix.service /usr/libexec/postfix /usr/libexec/postfix/aliasesdb /usr/libexec/postfix/anvil /usr/libexec/postfix/bounce /usr/libexec/postfix/chroot-update /usr/libexec/postfix/cleanup /usr/libexec/postfix/discard /usr/libexec/postfix/dnsblog /usr/libexec/postfix/error /usr/libexec/postfix/flush /usr/libexec/postfix/lmtp /usr/libexec/postfix/local /usr/libexec/postfix/main.cf /usr/libexec/postfix/master /usr/libexec/postfix/master.cf /usr/libexec/postfix/nqmgr /usr/libexec/postfix/oqmgr /usr/libexec/postfix/pickup /usr/libexec/postfix/pipe /usr/libexec/postfix/post-install /usr/libexec/postfix/postfix-files /usr/libexec/postfix/postfix-script /usr/libexec/postfix/postfix-wrapper /usr/libexec/postfix/postmulti-script /usr/libexec/postfix/postscreen /usr/libexec/postfix/proxymap /usr/libexec/postfix/qmgr /usr/libexec/postfix/qmqpd /usr/libexec/postfix/scache /usr/libexec/postfix/showq /usr/libexec/postfix/smtp /usr/libexec/postfix/smtpd /usr/libexec/postfix/spawn /usr/libexec/postfix/tlsmgr /usr/libexec/postfix/tlsproxy /usr/libexec/postfix/trivial-rewrite /usr/libexec/postfix/verify /usr/libexec/postfix/virtual /usr/sbin/postalias /usr/sbin/postcat /usr/sbin/postconf /usr/sbin/postdrop /usr/sbin/postfix /usr/sbin/postkick /usr/sbin/postlock /usr/sbin/postlog /usr/sbin/postmap /usr/sbin/postmulti /usr/sbin/postqueue /usr/sbin/postsuper /usr/sbin/sendmail /usr/sbin/sendmail.postfix /usr/sbin/smtp-sink /usr/sbin/smtp-source /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1 /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/COMPATIBILITY /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/LICENSE /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README-Postfix-SASL-RedHat.txt /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/AAAREADME /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/ADDRESS_CLASS_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/ADDRESS_REWRITING_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/ADDRESS_VERIFICATION_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/BACKSCATTER_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/BASIC_CONFIGURATION_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/BUILTIN_FILTER_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/CDB_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/CONNECTION_CACHE_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/CONTENT_INSPECTION_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/DATABASE_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/DB_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/DEBUG_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/DSN_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/ETRN_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/FILTER_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/INSTALL /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/IPV6_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/LDAP_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/LINUX_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/LOCAL_RECIPIENT_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/MAILDROP_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/MEMCACHE_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/MILTER_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/MULTI_INSTANCE_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/MYSQL_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/NFS_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/OVERVIEW /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/PACKAGE_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/PCRE_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/PGSQL_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/POSTSCREEN_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/QSHAPE_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/RELEASE_NOTES /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/RESTRICTION_CLASS_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/SASL_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/SCHEDULER_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/SMTPD_ACCESS_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/SMTPD_POLICY_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/SMTPD_PROXY_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/SOHO_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/SQLITE_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/STANDARD_CONFIGURATION_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/STRESS_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/TLS_LEGACY_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/TLS_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/TUNING_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/ULTRIX_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/UUCP_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/VERP_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/VIRTUAL_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/XCLIENT_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/XFORWARD_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/TLS_ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/TLS_LICENSE /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/bounce.cf.default /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/examples /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/examples/chroot-setup /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/examples/chroot-setup/LINUX2 /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/examples/qmail-local /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/examples/qmail-local/qmail-local.txt /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/examples/smtpd-policy /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/examples/smtpd-policy/README.SPF /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/examples/smtpd-policy/greylist.pl /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/main.cf.default /usr/share/man/man1/mailq.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/mailq.postfix.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/newaliases.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/newaliases.postfix.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/postalias.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/postcat.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/postconf.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/postdrop.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/postfix.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/postkick.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/postlock.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/postlog.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/postmap.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/postmulti.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/postqueue.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/postsuper.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/sendmail.postfix.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/smtp-sink.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/smtp-source.1.gz /usr/share/man/man5/access.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/aliases.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/aliases.postfix.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/body_checks.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/bounce.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/canonical.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/cidr_table.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/generic.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/header_checks.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/ldap_table.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/master.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/memcache_table.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/mysql_table.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/nisplus_table.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/pcre_table.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/pgsql_table.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/postconf.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/postfix-wrapper.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/regexp_table.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/relocated.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/sqlite_table.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/tcp_table.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/transport.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/virtual.5.gz /usr/share/man/man8/anvil.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/bounce.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/cleanup.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/defer.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/discard.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/dnsblog.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/error.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/flush.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/lmtp.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/local.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/master.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/oqmgr.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/pickup.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/pipe.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/postscreen.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/proxymap.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/qmgr.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/qmqpd.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/scache.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/sendmail.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/showq.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/smtp.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/smtpd.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/spawn.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/tlsmgr.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/tlsproxy.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/trace.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/trivial-rewrite.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/verify.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/virtual.8.gz /var/lib/misc/postfix.aliasesdb-stamp /var/lib/postfix /var/spool/postfix /var/spool/postfix/active /var/spool/postfix/bounce /var/spool/postfix/corrupt /var/spool/postfix/defer /var/spool/postfix/deferred /var/spool/postfix/flush /var/spool/postfix/hold /var/spool/postfix/incoming /var/spool/postfix/maildrop /var/spool/postfix/pid /var/spool/postfix/private /var/spool/postfix/public /var/spool/postfix/saved /var/spool/postfix/trace [root@nginx01 ~]# rpm -ql mailx /bin/mail /bin/mailx /etc/mail.rc /usr/bin/Mail /usr/bin/nail /usr/share/doc/mailx-12.5 /usr/share/doc/mailx-12.5/AUTHORS /usr/share/doc/mailx-12.5/COPYING /usr/share/doc/mailx-12.5/README /usr/share/man/man1/Mail.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/mail.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/mailx.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/nail.1.gz [root@nginx01 ~]#

配置系统发送邮件的地址

[root@nginx01 log]# cp -p /etc/postfix/main.cf /etc/postfix/main.cf.bk.20180504

[root@nginx01 log]# vi /etc/postfix/main.cf

[root@nginx01 log]# diff /etc/postfix/main.cf /etc/postfix/main.cf.bk.20180504 75c75 < myhostname = nginx01.com

#myhostname = host.domain.tld

重启postfix [root@nginx01 ~]# systemctl restart postfix [root@nginx01 ~]# ps -ef |grep postfix root 21998 1 0 19:15 ? 00:00:00 /usr/libexec/postfix/master -w postfix 21999 21998 0 19:15 ? 00:00:00 pickup -l -t unix -u postfix 22000 21998 0 19:15 ? 00:00:00 qmgr -l -t unix -u root 22017 18319 0 19:15 pts/1 00:00:00 grep --color=auto postfix [root@nginx01 ~]# netstat -antup | grep 25 tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 21998/master tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 21998/master [root@nginx01 ~]#

发送邮件测试是否成功

[root@nginx01 ~]# echo "test4 from nginx01" | mail -s "test4 from nginx01" [e-mail]

检查log

[root@nginx01 log]# tail -5 maillog May 4 18:57:06 nginx01 postfix/pickup[18269]: 5256C1009A4E: uid=0 from=<root> May 4 18:57:06 nginx01 postfix/cleanup[19183]: 5256C1009A4E: message-id=[e-mail] May 4 18:57:06 nginx01 postfix/qmgr[18270]: 5256C1009A4E: from=[e-mail], size=449, nrcpt=1 (queue active) May 4 18:57:11 nginx01 postfix/smtp[19185]: 5256C1009A4E: to=[e-mail], relay=test.com[121.210.168.231]:25, delay=4.8, delays=0.09/0.05/0.11/4.5, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (250 OK:has queued) May 4 18:57:11 nginx01 postfix/qmgr[18270]: 5256C1009A4E: removed [root@nginx01 log]#

可见发送成功。