使用mkfs命令：
mkfs.FS_TYPE /dev/DEVICE
ext4、xfs、btrfs、vfat
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[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda5
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
文件系统标签=
OS type: Linux
块大小=4096 (log=2)
分块大小=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
655360 inodes, 2621440 blocks
131072 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
第一个数据块=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=2151677952
80 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632
Allocating group tables: 完成
正在写入inode表: 完成
Creating journal (32768 blocks): 完成
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成
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mke2fs：ext系列文件系统专用管理工具
[root@localhost ~]# mke2fs -t ext4 -b 1024 -L mydate /dev/sda5
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
文件系统标签=mydate
OS type: Linux
块大小=1024 (log=0)
分块大小=1024 (log=0)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
655360 inodes, 10485760 blocks
524288 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
第一个数据块=1
Maximum filesystem blocks=44040192
1280 block groups
8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
512 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409, 663553,
1024001, 1990657, 2809857, 5120001, 5971969
Allocating group tables: 完成
正在写入inode表: 完成
Creating journal (32768 blocks): 完成
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成
[root@localhost ~]# blkid /dev/sda5
/dev/sda5: LABEL="mydate" UUID="e1a7de97-a0cc-474d-9b6e-c8508f34bbb7" TYPE="ext4"
[root@localhost ~]#
----------------------------------------
e2label更改卷标
[root@localhost ~]# e2label /dev/sda5 test
[root@localhost ~]# e2label /dev/sda5
test
------------------------------
tune2fs:重新设定ext系列文件系统可调整参数的值
-l：查看指定文件系统超级块信息；super block
-L 'LABEL'：修改卷标
-m #：修预留给管理员的空间百分比
-j: 将ext2升级为ext3
-O: 文件系统属性启用或禁用
-o: 调整文件系统的默认挂载选项
-U UUID: 修改UUID号
[root@localhost ~]# tune2fs -l /dev/sda5
tune2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem volume name: test
Last mounted on: <not available>
Filesystem UUID: e1a7de97-a0cc-474d-9b6e-c8508f34bbb7
Filesystem magic number: 0xEF53
Filesystem revision #: 1 (dynamic)
Filesystem features: has_journal ext_attr resize_inode dir_index filetype extent 64bit flex_bg sparse_super huge_file uninit_bg dir_nlink extra_isize
Filesystem flags: signed_directory_hash
Default mount options: user_xattr acl
Filesystem state: clean
Errors behavior: Continue
Filesystem OS type: Linux
Inode count: 655360
Block count: 10485760
Reserved block count: 524288 /*留给管理员的空间
Free blocks: 10281522
Free inodes: 655349
First block: 1
Block size: 1024 /*块信息
Fragment size: 1024
Group descriptor size: 64
Reserved GDT blocks: 256
Blocks per group: 8192
Fragments per group: 8192
Inodes per group: 512
Inode blocks per group: 128
Flex block group size: 16
Filesystem created: Fri May 19 15:21:22 2017
Last mount time: n/a
Last write time: Fri May 19 15:24:56 2017
Mount count: 0
Maximum mount count: -1
Last checked: Fri May 19 15:21:22 2017
Check interval: 0 (<none>)
Lifetime writes: 33 MB
Reserved blocks uid: 0 (user root)
Reserved blocks gid: 0 (group root)
First inode: 11
Inode size: 256
Required extra isize: 28
Desired extra isize: 28
Journal inode: 8
Default directory hash: half_md4
Directory Hash Seed: 38964e87-ab43-42e7-bc49-912f6492e112
Journal backup: inode blocks
[root@localhost ~]# dumpe2fs -h /dev/sda5 /*查看超级块信息
----------------------------------------------
mkswap:创建swap分区
[root@localhost ~]# mkswap /dev/sda6
正在设置交换空间版本 1，大小 = 18352124 KiB
无标签，UUID=0269054d-b6dd-47ca-a7dd-0a7ac64da64c
注：前提：调整其分区的ID为82
--------------------------------------------------------
块设备属性信息查看 blkid
[root@localhost ~]# blkid
/dev/sr0: UUID="2015-12-09-23-14-10-00" LABEL="CentOS 7 x86_64" TYPE="iso9660" PTTYPE="dos"
/dev/sda1: UUID="95a622dc-749c-4f9f-a4a4-19633c65b2f5" TYPE="xfs"
/dev/sda2: UUID="A3sg32-6O7b-ArqF-Axdv-evpS-Iliy-egtf9z" TYPE="LVM2_member"
/dev/sda5: UUID="8231e96c-3f20-444f-8d6e-060fe14bce1a" TYPE="ext4"
通过UUID查到块设备
[root@localhost ~]# blkid -U 8231e96c-3f20-444f-8d6e-060fe14bce1a
/dev/sda5
通过卷标查到块设备
[root@localhost ~]# blkid -L Mydate
/dev/sda5
-----------------------------
