继续老套路,这两天我爬取了猪八戒上的一些数据 网址是:http://task.zbj.com/t-ppsj/p1s5.html
,可能是由于爬取的数据量有点多吧,结果我的IP被封了,需要自己手动来验证解封ip,但这显然阻止了我爬取更多的数据了。
下面是我写的爬取猪八戒的被封IP的代码
# coding=utf-8
import requests
from lxml import etree
def getUrl():
for i in range(33):
url = 'http://task.zbj.com/t-ppsj/p{}s5.html'.format(i+1)
spiderPage(url)
def spiderPage(url):
if url is None:
return None
htmlText = requests.get(url).text
selector = etree.HTML(htmlText)
tds = selector.xpath('//*[@class="tab-switch tab-progress"]/table/tr')
try:
for td in tds:
price = td.xpath('./td/p/em/text()')
href = td.xpath('./td/p/a/@href')
title = td.xpath('./td/p/a/text()')
subTitle = td.xpath('./td/p/text()')
deadline = td.xpath('./td/span/text()')
price = price[0] if len(price)>0 else '' # python的三目运算 :为真时的结果 if 判定条件 else 为假时的结果
title = title[0] if len(title)>0 else ''
href = href[0] if len(href)>0 else ''
subTitle = subTitle[0] if len(subTitle)>0 else ''
deadline = deadline[0] if len(deadline)>0 else ''
print price,title,href,subTitle,deadline
print '---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------'
spiderDetail(href)
except:
print '出错'
def spiderDetail(url):
if url is None:
return None
try:
htmlText = requests.get(url).text
selector = etree.HTML(htmlText)
aboutHref = selector.xpath('//*[@id="utopia_widget_10"]/div[1]/div/div/div/p[1]/a/@href')
price = selector.xpath('//*[@id="utopia_widget_10"]/div[1]/div/div/div/p[1]/text()')
title = selector.xpath('//*[@id="utopia_widget_10"]/div[1]/div/div/h2/text()')
contentDetail = selector.xpath('//*[@id="utopia_widget_10"]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[1]/text()')
publishDate = selector.xpath('//*[@id="utopia_widget_10"]/div[2]/div/div[1]/p/text()')
aboutHref = aboutHref[0] if len(aboutHref) > 0 else '' # python的三目运算 :为真时的结果 if 判定条件 else 为假时的结果
price = price[0] if len(price) > 0 else ''
title = title[0] if len(title) > 0 else ''
contentDetail = contentDetail[0] if len(contentDetail) > 0 else ''
publishDate = publishDate[0] if len(publishDate) > 0 else ''
print aboutHref,price,title,contentDetail,publishDate
except:
print '出错'
if '_main_':
getUrl()
我发现代码运行完后,后面有几页数据没有被爬取,我再也没有办法去访问猪八戒网站了,等过了一段时间才能去访问他们的网站,这就很尴尬了,我得防止被封IP
如何防止爬取数据的时候被网站封IP这里有一些套路.查了一些套路
1.修改请求头
之前的爬虫代码没有添加头部,这里我添加了头部,模拟成浏览器去访问网站
user_agent = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/53.0.2785.104 Safari/537.36 Core/1.53.4295.400'
headers = {'User-Agent': user_agent}
htmlText = requests.get(url, headers=headers, proxies=proxies).text
2.采用代理IP
当自己的ip被网站封了之后,只能采用代理ip的方式进行爬取,所以每次爬取的时候尽量用代理ip来爬取,封了代理还有代理。
这里我引用了这个博客的一段代码来生成ip地址:http://blog.csdn.net/lammonpeter/article/details/52917264
生成代理ip,大家可以直接把这个代码拿去用
# coding=utf-8
# IP地址取自国内髙匿代理IP网站:http://www.xicidaili.com/nn/
# 仅仅爬取首页IP地址就足够一般使用
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import requests
import random
def get_ip_list(url, headers):
web_data = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
soup = BeautifulSoup(web_data.text, 'lxml')
ips = soup.find_all('tr')
ip_list = []
for i in range(1, len(ips)):
ip_info = ips[i]
tds = ip_info.find_all('td')
ip_list.append(tds[1].text + ':' + tds[2].text)
return ip_list
def get_random_ip(ip_list):
proxy_list = []
for ip in ip_list:
proxy_list.append('http://' + ip)
proxy_ip = random.choice(proxy_list)
proxies = {'http': proxy_ip}
return proxies
if __name__ == '__main__':
url = 'http://www.xicidaili.com/nn/'
headers = {
'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/53.0.2785.143 Safari/537.36'
}
ip_list = get_ip_list(url, headers=headers)
proxies = get_random_ip(ip_list)
print(proxies)
好了我用上面的代码给我生成了一批ip地址(有些ip地址可能无效,但只要不封我自己的ip就可以了,哈哈),然后我就可以在我的请求头部添加ip地址
** 给我们的请求添加代理ip**
proxies = {
'http': 'http://124.72.109.183:8118',
'http': 'http://49.85.1.79:31666'
}
user_agent = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/53.0.2785.104 Safari/537.36 Core/1.53.4295.400'
headers = {'User-Agent': user_agent}
htmlText = requests.get(url, headers=headers, timeout=3, proxies=proxies).text
目前知道的就
最后完整代码如下:
# coding=utf-8
import requests
import time
from lxml import etree
def getUrl():
for i in range(33):
url = 'http://task.zbj.com/t-ppsj/p{}s5.html'.format(i+1)
spiderPage(url)
def spiderPage(url):
if url is None:
return None
try:
proxies = {
'http': 'http://221.202.248.52:80',
}
user_agent = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/53.0.2785.104 Safari/537.36 Core/1.53.4295.400'
headers = {'User-Agent': user_agent}
htmlText = requests.get(url, headers=headers,proxies=proxies).text
selector = etree.HTML(htmlText)
tds = selector.xpath('//*[@class="tab-switch tab-progress"]/table/tr')
for td in tds:
price = td.xpath('./td/p/em/text()')
href = td.xpath('./td/p/a/@href')
title = td.xpath('./td/p/a/text()')
subTitle = td.xpath('./td/p/text()')
deadline = td.xpath('./td/span/text()')
price = price[0] if len(price)>0 else '' # python的三目运算 :为真时的结果 if 判定条件 else 为假时的结果
title = title[0] if len(title)>0 else ''
href = href[0] if len(href)>0 else ''
subTitle = subTitle[0] if len(subTitle)>0 else ''
deadline = deadline[0] if len(deadline)>0 else ''
print price,title,href,subTitle,deadline
print '---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------'
spiderDetail(href)
except Exception,e:
print '出错',e.message
def spiderDetail(url):
if url is None:
return None
try:
htmlText = requests.get(url).text
selector = etree.HTML(htmlText)
aboutHref = selector.xpath('//*[@id="utopia_widget_10"]/div[1]/div/div/div/p[1]/a/@href')
price = selector.xpath('//*[@id="utopia_widget_10"]/div[1]/div/div/div/p[1]/text()')
title = selector.xpath('//*[@id="utopia_widget_10"]/div[1]/div/div/h2/text()')
contentDetail = selector.xpath('//*[@id="utopia_widget_10"]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[1]/text()')
publishDate = selector.xpath('//*[@id="utopia_widget_10"]/div[2]/div/div[1]/p/text()')
aboutHref = aboutHref[0] if len(aboutHref) > 0 else '' # python的三目运算 :为真时的结果 if 判定条件 else 为假时的结果
price = price[0] if len(price) > 0 else ''
title = title[0] if len(title) > 0 else ''
contentDetail = contentDetail[0] if len(contentDetail) > 0 else ''
publishDate = publishDate[0] if len(publishDate) > 0 else ''
print aboutHref,price,title,contentDetail,publishDate
except:
print '出错'
if '_main_':
getUrl()
最后程序完美运行,再也没有出现被封IP的情况。当然防止被封IP肯定不止这些了,这还需要进一步探索!
最后
当然数据我是已经抓取过来了,但是我的数据都没有完美呈现出来,我应该写入execl文件,或者数据库中啊,这样才能方便采用.所以接下来我准备了使用 Python操作execl,mysql,mongoDB