Ubuntu 更换国内镜像源
sudo vim /etc/apt/source.list
sudo apt update
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty main universe restricted multiverse
安装依赖
sudo apt install gcc openssl libssl-dev libpcre3 libpcre3-dev zlib1g zlib1g-dev make autoconf automake cmake
准备用户和用户组
查看 www 用户是否存在 : groups www
groupadd www
useradd -g www -M www # -M 不为 www 用户创建 home 目录
禁止 ×××w 用户通过 bash 登录
vim /etc/passwd
修改 /bin/bash -> /sbin/nologin
Nginx
- 下载 && 解压
wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.14.1.tar.gz
tar -zxvf nginx-1.14.1.tar.gz
- 配置
sudo ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
--pid-path=/user/local/nginx/run/nginx.pid \
--user=×××w \
--group=×××w \
--with-http_ssl_module \
--with-http_flv_module \
--with-http_stub_status_module \
--with-http_gzip_static_module \
--with-pcre \
--without-mail_pop3_module \
--without-mail_imap_module \
--without-mail_smtp_module
注: --prefix:Nginx安装目录 --user:Nginx用户 --group:Nginx用户所属组 --with-http_ssl_module:提供https支持 --with-http_flv_module:搭建flv视频服务器使用的 --with-http_stub_status_module:开启Stub Status模块,该模块会产生一个服务器状态和信息页 --with-http_gzip_static_module:开启Gzip静态模块,该模块用于发送预压缩文件 --with-pcre:perl执行文件路径
完成后最后提示:
nginx path prefix: "/usr/local/nginx" # 安装目录
nginx binary file: "/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx" # 命令目录 nginx modules path: "/usr/local/nginx/modules" # nginx 模块目录 nginx configuration prefix: "/usr/local/nginx/conf" # nginx 配置路径 nginx configuration file: "/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf" # nginx配置 nginx pid file: "/usr/local/nginx/run/nginx.pid" # nginx 运行 pid nginx error log file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/error.log" # 错误日志 nginx http access log file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log" # 请求日志 nginx http client request body temporary files: "client_body_temp" nginx http proxy temporary files: "proxy_temp" nginx http fastcgi temporary files: "fastcgi_temp" nginx http uwsgi temporary files: "uwsgi_temp" nginx http scgi temporary files: "scgi_temp"
3 . 编译
sudo make
4 . 安装
make install
完成后查看 安装是否成功 :/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -v
nginx version: nginx/1.14.1
启动后访问: curl localhost
5 . 操作 nginx 方法 方法1. 直接 使用 /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx 命令:
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t # 检测配置是否正确
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx # 启动 nginx ,启动后查看进程 ps -ef| grep nginx
/user/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload |stop|quit # 平滑重启|停止|退出 [ -s 向 nginx 命令脚本发送 信号]
kill -TERM 主进程号 # 快速停止 nginx
pkill -9 nginx # 强制停止 nginx
方法2. 创建软链 sudo ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/local/bin/nginx
nginx # 启动nginx
nginx -s stop # 停止 nginx
nginx -s reload # 平滑重启 nginx
nginx -s quit # 退出 nginx
nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf # 以指定配置启动 nginx
方法3. systemd 管理 并设置开机自启动 创建 nginx 服务
vim /lib/systemd/system/nginx.service
写入 内容
[Unit] Description=nginx - high performance web server After=network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target
[Service] Type=forking ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf ExecReload=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload ExecStop=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop
[Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target
文件说明
[Unit]部分
Description:描述服务
After:依赖,当依赖的服务启动之后再启动自定义的服务
[Service]部分
Type=forking是后台运行的形式
ExecStart为服务的具体运行命令(需要根据路径适配)
ExecReload为重启命令(需要根据路径适配)
ExecStop为停止命令(需要根据路径适配)
PrivateTmp=True表示给服务分配独立的临时空间
注意:启动、重启、停止命令全部要求使用绝对路径
[Install]部分
服务安装的相关设置,可设置为多用户
- 开机启动 任意目录都可执行 systemctl enable nginx.service # 开机启动 systemctl disable nginx # 禁止开启启动
- 管理命令 systemctl start nginx systemctl stop nginx systemctl reload nginx systemctl status nginx systemctl list-units --type=service # 查看所有服务
如果遇到错误: System has not been booted with systemd as init system (PID 1). Can't operat 意味着系统使用 sysvinit 运行,而不是 systemd 运行,请使用下面的方法
先删除之前的配置
sudo rm -rf nginx.service
sudo rm -rf nginx.service
方法4. 管理 ngixn 服务 sudo vim /etc/init.d/nginx sudo chmod +x /etc/init.d/nginx
#! /bin/sh
# chkconfig: 2345 55 25
# Description: Startup script for nginx webserver on Debian. Place in /etc/init.d and
# run 'update-rc.d -f nginx defaults', or use the appropriate command on your
# distro. For CentOS/Redhat run: 'chkconfig --add nginx'
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: nginx
# Required-Start: $all
# Required-Stop: $all
# Default-Start: 2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop: 0 1 6
# Short-Description: starts the nginx web server
# Description: starts nginx using start-stop-daemon
### END INIT INFO
# Author: licess
# website: https://lnmp.org
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
NAME=nginx
NGINX_BIN=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/$NAME
CONFIGFILE=/usr/local/nginx/conf/$NAME.conf
PIDFILE=/usr/local/nginx/run/$NAME.pid
if [ -s /bin/ss ]; then
StatBin=/bin/ss
else
StatBin=/bin/netstat
fi
case "$1" in
start)
echo -n "Starting $NAME... "
if $StatBin -tnpl | grep -q nginx;then
echo "$NAME (pid `pidof $NAME`) already running."
exit 1
fi
$NGINX_BIN -c $CONFIGFILE
if [ "$?" != 0 ] ; then
echo " failed"
exit 1
else
echo " done"
fi
;;
stop)
echo -n "Stoping $NAME... "
if ! $StatBin -tnpl | grep -q nginx; then
echo "$NAME is not running."
exit 1
fi
$NGINX_BIN -s stop
if [ "$?" != 0 ] ; then
echo " failed. Use force-quit"
$0 force-quit
else
echo " done"
fi
;;
status)
if $StatBin -tnpl | grep -q nginx; then
PID=`pidof nginx`
echo "$NAME (pid $PID) is running..."
else
echo "$NAME is stopped."
exit 0
fi
;;
force-quit|kill)
echo -n "Terminating $NAME... "
if ! $StatBin -tnpl | grep -q nginx; then
echo "$NAME is is stopped."
exit 1
fi
kill `pidof $NAME`
if [ "$?" != 0 ] ; then
echo " failed"
exit 1
else
echo " done"
fi
;;
restart)
$0 stop
sleep 1
$0 start
;;
reload)
echo -n "Reload service $NAME... "
if $StatBin -tnpl | grep -q nginx; then
$NGINX_BIN -s reload
echo " done"
else
echo "$NAME is not running, can't reload."
exit 1
fi
;;
configtest)
echo -n "Test $NAME configure files... "
$NGINX_BIN -t
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|reload|status|configtest|force-quit|kill}"
exit 1
;;
esac
管理命令
service nginx start
service nginx stop
service nginx status
service nginx reload
service nginx restart
service nginx configuretest
执行提示如下错误
Failed to start nginx.service: Unit nginx.service is masked.
解决方案:
systemctl unmask nginx.service
服务随系统启动
sudo apt install sysv-rc-conf
sudo sysv-rc-conf nginx on
Mysql
安装依赖 > sudo apt install cmake g++ bison libncurses5-dev build-essential
-
下载解压 sudo wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-boost-5.7.24.tar.gz sudo tar -zxvf mysql-boost-5.7.24.tar.gz cd /usr/local/src/mysql-boost-5.7.24
-
生成配置文件 sudo cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data
-DSYSCONFDIR=/usr/local/mysql/etc
#-DWITH_BOOST=/usr/local/src/mysql-boost-5.7.24/boost/boost_1_59_0 \ -DWITH_BOOST=boost -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1
-DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1
-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1
-DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1
-DWITH_PERFSCHEMA_STORAGE_ENGINE=1
-DWITHOUT_EXAMPLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1
-DWITHOUT_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci
-DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1
-DWITH_READLINE=1
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
-DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306
-DMYSQL_USER=×××w
-DCOMPILATION_COMMENT="lq-edition"
-DENABLE_DTRACE=0
-DOPTIMIZER_TRACE=1
-DWITH_DEBUG=1 -
编译、安装 sudo make && sudo make install
-
新建 用户和用户组 mysql:mysql sudo groupadd mysql sudo useradd -g mysql -M mysql
-
创建数据目录 并添加 写权限 sudo mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql/data sudo chmod +w /usr/local/mysql
-
修改 mysql 目录所有者 sudo chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/
-
初始化 mysql ,并开启 ssl 功能 sudo /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data sudo /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
-
测试启动 mysql sudo /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql
-
启动 mysql 服务 并修改密码 sudo /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server start sudo /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -p'password' set password for 'root'@'localhost' = password('123456'); # 退出客户端,重新连接进行测试 mysql>quit; sudo /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -p Enter password: # 输入密码
-
管理 mysql 服务 sudo /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server stop sudo cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql sudo chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysql sudo systemctl unmask mysql.service sudo sysv-rc-conf mysql on
此时可以用 service 进行管理,常用命令: service mysql start service mysql stop service mysql status service mysql reload service mysql restart service mysql help
-
添加客户端命令☞环境变量 sudo vim ~/.bashrc # 在开头添加 export MYSQL_HOME=/usr/local/mysql export PATH=$PATH:$MYSQL_HOME/bin # 刷新环境变量 source ~/.bashrc # 测试 mysql -u root -p
-
允许远程登录 # 客户端登录 mysql -u root -p # 创建用户并授权 mysql>use mysql; mysql>grant all on . to 'leesin'@'%' identified by '123456' WITH GRANT OPTION; # 刷新权限 mysql>flush privileges; # 测试 mysql -u leesin -p
-
配置文件不存在问题请参考: https://blog.csdn.net/qq_38545713/article/details/81868846
PHP
安装依赖
sudo apt install libxml2 libxml2-dev openssl libssl-dev curl libcurl4-gnutls-dev libcurl4-openssl-dev libjpeg-dev libpng-dev libmcrypt-dev
- 下载解压 sudo wget http://cn2.php.net/get/php-7.2.12.tar.gz/from/this/mirror sudo tar -zxvf mirror && cd php-7.2.12
- 配置 ./configure --help 查看所有选项 export PHP_OPENSSL_DIR=yes
切记不要有多余空格:
sudo ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php
--with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc
--with-iconv-dir=/usr/local/lib
--enable-fpm
--enable-mysqlnd
--with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd
--with-openssl
--with-openssl-dir=/usr/bin/openssl
--with-zlib
--enable-zip
--with-gd
--with-curl=/usr/bin/curl
--with-mysqli
--with-pdo-mysql
tip:
1. 如果报错,curl : sudo ln -s /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/curl /usr/include/curl
-
编译 && 测试 sudo make && sudo make test
tips: 错误: sapi/cli/php not found make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS='-liconv' ln -s /usr/local/lib/libiconv.so.2 /usr/lib64/ 或者: sudo vim Makefile EXTRA_LIBS = 新增 -liconv
-
安装 sudo make install
-
配置 PHP sudo cp /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf sudo cp /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/×××w.conf.default /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/×××w.conf sudo cp /usr/local/src/php-7.2.12/php.ini-development /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini sudo mkdir /tmp/php && sudo touch /tmp/php/php-cgi.sock
\# 解决访问时无权限问题 + *6 connect() to unix:/tmp/php/php-cgi.sock failed (111: Connection refused) 问题 \# 修改 /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/×××w.conf listen.owner = ×××w listen.group = ×××w listen.mode = 0660
修改配置: /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/×××w.conf user = ×××w group = ×××w listen = /tmp/php/php-cgi.sock # sock 监听,性能更高 /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini cgi.fix_pathinfo=0 7. 配置 php-fpm 服务管理 sudo cp /usr/local/src/php-7.2.12/sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm sudo chmod +x /etc/init.d/php-fpm sudo systemctl unmask php-fpm.service # 添加服务 sudo sysv-rc-conf php-fpm on # 开机启动 #chkconfig --add php-fpm
此时就可以使用 service 进行管理了
service php-fpm start
serivce php-fpm stop
service php-fpm status
service php-fpm reload
service php-fpm restart
service php-fpm help
service php-fpm configtest
-
配置环境变量 # 方法 1 - 创建软链 sudo ln -s /usr/local/php/bin/php /usr/bin/php php -v|m
\# 方法 2 - 设置全局环境变量 sudo vim /etc/profile export PATH=/usr/local/php/bin:$PATH source /etc/profile \# 方法 3 - 设置当前用户环境变量 sudo vim ~/.bashrc export PATH=/usr/local/php/bin:$PATH source ~/.bashrc php -v|m
Nginx + php-fpm 配置
sudo mkdir vhosts # 存放 细分 的配置 sudo vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf http{ ... include vhosts/*.conf }
具体 项目配置: touch /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name lee.test.me;
#server_name 10.1.16.162;
charset utf-8;
index index.php index.html index.htm;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
root /Data/×××wroot/test/public;
if (!-e $request_filename) {
rewrite ^(.*)$ /index.php?s=/$1 last;
break;
}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
location ~ \.php$ {
#fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php/php-cgi.sock;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name;
}