特性：
·模块化设计
·nginx热部署（不需要中断正在处理的请求，更新配置）
·3xx-5xx错误重定向
·重写（rewrite）模块
·根据浏览器的类型返回哪个页面（比如手机、平板）
·支持验证Referer验证（防盗链）
·支持FLV流和MP4流（下载视频的过程中能一边一下载一边播放）
优点：
·支持kqueuq、epoll等IO模型（异步IO），由此来支持高并发
·内存消耗小
应用场合：
·nginx结合FastCGI运行PHP.JSP,Perl等程序
·nginx作反向代理（http、mail）
·nginx运行静态HTML页面
为什么nginx处理静态小文件能力强并发高?
答：使用epoll和kqueue I/O模型
静态业务：nginx
动态业务：apache
nginx工作模式：一个master后台N个worker（1个主进程多个worker进程）
安装Nginx：
1.安装pcre库：
·pcre是什么：perl兼容正表达式
·为什么安装pcre：使nginx支持HTTP rewrite模块
tar zxvf pcre-8.37.tar cd pcre-8.37 ./configure make && make install
2.nginx参数
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t 测试
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload 平滑重启
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -V 查看怎么编译的
3.nginx路径
·配置文件路径：/uer/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf ·启动文件路径：/uer/local/nginx/sbin/nginx ·网页文件路径：/uer/local/nginx/html
4.安装nginx
·关闭防火墙： service iptables stop
·关闭SElinux： setenforce 0
·添加nginx账户： useradd nginx -s /sbin/nologin -M
· tar zxvf nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz
· cd nginx-1.8.0
· ./configure --user=nginx --group=nginx --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_gzip_static_module
· make && make install
·执行/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t 报错：error while loading shared libraries: libpcre.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
·解决：1.find / -name libpcre.so* 找到libpcre.so*的路径 在/usr/local/lib 下
2.vim /etc/lb.so.conf 把/usr/local/lib添加进去
3.ldconfig重新加载,OK
·启动nginx：/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
5.nginx主配置文件详解
·去掉注释： egrep -v "#|^$" nginx.conf
#user nobody; #使用哪个账户
worker_processes 1; #启动的worker线程数
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024; #启动一个worker线程为1024
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
#access_log logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#gzip on;
server {
listen 80; #监听端口
server_name localhost; #域名地址
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location / { #uri，“/”表示默认路径/nginx/html下的页面
root html; #网站路径
index index.html index.htm;
}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; #50x错误时，跳转到50x.html
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ \.php$ { #以php结尾的访问，由它分配
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
#}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# root html;
# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
# fastcgi_index index.php;
# fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
# include fastcgi_params;
#}
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
#location ~ /\.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}
# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
#
#server {
# listen 8000;
# listen somename:8080;
# server_name somename alias another.alias;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
# HTTPS server
#
#server {
# listen 443 ssl;
# server_name localhost;
# ssl_certificate cert.pem;
# ssl_certificate_key cert.key;
# ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
# ssl_session_timeout 5m;
# ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
·zhaijunming.blog.51cto.com/5449012/1686898
URL:zhaijunming.blog.51cto.com
URI:/5449012/1686898
location [= | ~ | ~* | ^~ ] uri ｛｝
location = uri {} 精确匹配
location ~ uri {} 区分大小写
location ~* uri {} 不区分大小写
location ^~ uri {} 不实使用正则表达式6.把主配置文件和虚拟主机配置文件分离
·主配置文件（全局）nginx.conf
worker_processes 1;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
sendfile on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
｝
include extra/nginx_vhosts.conf; #定义虚拟主机配置文件，/usr/local/nginx/conf/extra/nginx_vhosts.conf
·创建虚拟主机文件:mkdir -p /usr/local/nginx/conf/extra
touch /usr/local/nginx/conf/extra/nginx_vhosts.conf
·虚拟主机配置文件
vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/extra/nginx_vhosts.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name
location / {
root /data/www/www;
index index.html index.htm;
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
}
server{
listen 80;
server_name blog.aaa.com;
location / {
root /data/www/blog;
index index.html index.htm;
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
}7.定义日志
·将这段加入到nginx.conf中的http ｛｝中，表示为所有虚拟主机使用这种格式的日志
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log main;
·第一行main为定义的日志格式，最后一行main调用上面main的格式。
·也可以将最后一行加入到nginx_vhots.conf中的server｛｝中，表示为某个虚拟主机使用此格式
