HDLC是CISCO路由器使用的缺省协议,一台新路由器在未指定封装协议时默认使用HDLC封装。
任务 命令
设置HDLC封装 encapsulation hdlc
设置DCE端线路速度 clockrate speed
复位一个硬件接口 clear interface serial unit
显示接口状态 show interfaces serial [unit] 1
Router#show interface serial 0
Serial 0 is up, line protocol is up
Hardware is MCI Serial
Internet address is 150.136.190.203, subnet mask is 255.255.255.0
MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1544 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255
Encapsulation HDLC, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec)
Last input 0:00:07, output 0:00:00, output hang never
Output queue 0/40, 0 drops; input queue 0/75, 0 drops
Five minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
Five minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
16263 packets input, 1347238 bytes, 0 no buffer
Received 13983 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants
2 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 2 abort
22146 packets output, 2383680 bytes, 0 underruns
0 output errors, 0 collisions, 2 interface resets, 0 restarts
1 carrier transitions
任务 命令
进入controller配置模式 controller {t1 | e1} number
选择帧类型 framing {crc4 | no-crc4}
选择line-code类型 linecode {ami | b8zs | hdb3}
建立逻辑通道组与时隙的映射 channel-group number timeslots range1
显示controllers接口状态 show controllers e1 [slot/port]2
2.使用show controllers e1观察controller状态,以下为帧类型为crc4时controllers正常的状态.
e1 0/0 is up.
Applique type is Channelized E1 - unbalanced
Framing is CRC4, Line Code is HDB3 No alarms detected.
Data in current interval (725 seconds elapsed):
0 Line Code Violations, 0 Path Code Violations
0 Slip Secs, 0 Fr Loss Secs, 0 Line Err Secs, 0 Degraded Mins
0 Errored Secs, 0 Bursty Err Secs, 0 Severely Err Secs, 0 Unavail Secs
Total Data (last 24 hours) 0 Line Code Violations, 0 Path Code Violations,
0 Slip Secs, 0 Fr Loss Secs, 0 Line Err Secs, 0 Degraded Mins,
0 Errored Secs, 0 Bursty Err Secs, 0 Severely Err Secs, 0 Unavail Secs
Building configuration...
!
version 11.2
no service udp-small-servers
no service tcp-small-servers
!
hostname
!
enable secret 5 $1$XN08$Ttr8nfLoP9.2RgZhcBzkk/
enable password
!
!
ip subnet-zero
!
controller E1 0
framing NO-CRC4
channel-group 0 timeslots 1
channel-group 1 timeslots 2
channel-group 2 timeslots 3
!
interface Ethernet0
ip address 133.118.40.1 255.255.0.0
media-type 10BaseT
!
interface Ethernet1
no ip address
shutdown
!
interface Serial0:0
ip address 202.119.96.1 255.255.255.252
no ip mroute-cache
!
interface Serial0:1
ip address 202.119.96.5 255.255.255.252
no ip mroute-cache
!
interface Serial0:2
ip address 202.119.96.9 255.255.255.252
no ip mroute-cache
!
no ip classless
ip route 133.210.40.0 255.255.255.0 Serial0:0
ip route 133.210.41.0 255.255.255.0 Serial0:1
ip route 133.210.42.0 255.255.255.0 Serial0:2
!
line con 0
line aux 0
line vty 0 4
password
login
!
end
PPP(Point-to-Point Protocol)是SLIP(Serial Line IP protocol)的继承者,它提供了跨过同步和异步电路实现路由器到路由器(router-to-router)和主机到网络(host-to-network)的连接。
任务 命令
设置PPP封装 encapsulation ppp1
设置认证方法 ppp authentication {chap | chap pap | pap chap | pap} [if-needed] [list-name | default] [callin]
指定口令 username name password secret
设置DCE端线路速度 clockrate speed
注:1、要使用CHAP/PAP必须使用PPP封装。在与非Cisco路由器连接时,一般采用PPP封装,其它厂家路由器一般不支持Cisco的HDLC封装协议。
1. X25技术
X.25规范对应OSI三层,X.25的第三层描述了分组的格式及分组交换的过程。X.25的第二层由LAPB(Link Access Procedure, Balanced)实现,它定义了用于DTE/DCE连接的帧格式。X.25的第一层定义了电气和物理端口特性。
任务 命令
设置X.25封装 encapsulation x25 [dce]
设置X.121地址 x25 address x.121-address
设置远方站点的地址映射 x25 map protocol address [protocol2 address2[...[protocol9 address9]]] x121-address [option]
设置最大的双向虚电路数 x25 htc citcuit-number1
设置一次连接可同时建立的虚电路数 x25 nvc count2
设置x25在清除空闲虚电路前的等待周期 x25 idle minutes
重新启动x25,或清一个svc,启动一个pvc相关参数 clear x25 {serial number | cmns-interface mac-address} [vc-number] 3
清x25虚电路 clear x25-vc
显示接口及x25相关信息 show interfaces serialshow x25 interfaceshow x25 mapshow x25 vc
注:1、虚电路号从1到4095,Cisco路由器默认为1024,国内一般分配为16。
2、虚电路计数从1到8,缺省为1。
3、在改变了x.25各层的相关参数后,应重新启动x25(使用clear x25 {serial number | cmns-interface mac-address} [vc-number]或clear x25-vc命令),否则新设置的参数可能不能生效。同时应对照服务提供商对于x.25交换机端口的设置来配置路由器的相关参数,若出现参数不匹配则可能会导致连接失败或其它意外情况。