学习笔记-第08天-命令合集7

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属性：

人的属性：性别，身高，体重，年龄。

文件的属性：大小，用户，组，权限，创建时间。

[root@localhost ~]# stat /etc/hosts
  File: ‘/etc/hosts’
  Size: 158       	Blocks: 8          IO Block: 4096   regular file
Device: 802h/2050d	Inode: 67109833    Links: 1
Access: (0644/-rw-r--r--)  Uid: (    0/    root)   Gid: (    0/    root)
Access: 2023-05-23 07:23:45.977483911 +0800
Modify: 2013-06-07 22:31:32.000000000 +0800
Change: 2023-05-07 20:28:56.812001998 +0800
 Birth: -

最近访问: 2021-05-12 12:13:30 #access访问，浏览，针对内容

最近更改: 2021-05-10 10:31:31 #modify最后更改时间，针对内容

最近改动: 2021-05-10 10:31:31 #change 状态改变，属性改变学习笔记-第08天-命令合集7_bash

查看文件属性：

[root@localhost ~]# ls -li
total 32
135116374 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  74 May 24 05:04 ab.txt
135116371 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root   8 May 24 04:43 a.txt
135116375 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  87 May 24 05:05 b.txt
 67118104 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root   6 May 23 22:51 dir
   539794 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root   6 May 23 22:46 dir1
 67109271 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root   6 May 23 22:46 dir2
135116367 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root   6 May 23 22:46 dir3
202163968 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root   6 May 23 22:46 dir4
   539797 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root   6 May 23 22:46 dir5
135116365 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root   0 May 23 22:38 oldboy
134320002 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 104 May 24 04:48 oldboy.txt
135116360 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  30 May 24 04:13 oldgirl.txt
135116370 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root   0 May 23 22:50 seq
135116368 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  21 May 24 04:22 seq.txt
135116369 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  74 May 24 04:58 test.txt
135116373 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  74 May 24 05:01 u.txt

学习笔记-第08天-命令合集7_vim_02

135116373 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 74 May 24 05:01 u.txt

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

第1列，索引节点，形态是数字。

第2列，首字符代表文件类型

中间9个字符，文件权限

.和selinux(高级安全组件) 相关符号。

第3列，硬链接数。

第4列，用户。

第5列，用户组。

第6列，文件大小(目录不是)。

第7-9列，日期时间。

第10列，文件名。

windows文件类型：根据扩展名来的。

.doc word文档

.avi .mp4 视频

-ppt .md .txt

Linux文件类型:

Linux下面不根据扩展名确定类型，但是依然会有扩展名，为了给人看。一眼看清楚。系统不识别扩展名，那么系统怎么确定文件类型呢?

ls -li 第2列，首字符代表文件类型切皆文件。

- 普通文件

(白色命令)

d 目录 directory

(浅蓝色命令)

l 软链接文件 link

(快捷方式)

[root@localhost ~]# ls -l /bin
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 May  7 20:28 /bin -> usr/bin
[root@localhost ~]# ln -s /etc/hosts /tmp/a.hosts
[root@localhost ~]# cat /tmp/a.hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6

学习笔记-第08天-命令合集7_bash_03

c 字符设备

[root@localhost ~]# ls /dev/ -l
total 0
crw-rw---- 1 root video    10, 175 May 23 07:23 agpgart
crw------- 1 root root     10, 235 May 23 07:23 autofs
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root         120 May 23 07:23 block
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root          80 May 23 07:23 bsg
crw------- 1 root root     10, 234 May 23 07:23 btrfs-control
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root          60 May 23 07:23 bus
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root           3 May 23 07:23 cdrom -> sr0
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root        2960 May 23 07:23 char
crw------- 1 root root      5,   1 May 23 07:23 console
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root          11 May 23 07:23 core -> /proc/kcore
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root          60 May 23 07:23 cpu
crw------- 1 root root     10,  61 May 23 07:23 cpu_dma_latency
crw------- 1 root root     10,  62 May 23 07:23 crash
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root         100 May 23 07:23 disk
crw-rw---- 1 root audio    14,   9 May 23 07:23 dmmidi
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root          80 May 23 07:23 dri
crw-rw---- 1 root video    29,   0 May 23 07:23 fb0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root          13 May 23 07:23 fd -> /proc/self/fd
crw-rw-rw- 1 root root      1,   7 May 23 07:23 full
crw-rw-rw- 1 root root     10, 229 May 23 07:23 fuse
crw------- 1 root root    246,   0 May 23 07:23 hidraw0
crw------- 1 root root     10, 228 May 23 07:23 hpet
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root           0 May 23 07:23 hugepages
crw------- 1 root root     10, 183 May 23 07:23 hwrng

学习笔记-第08天-命令合集7_vim_04

b 块设备

[root@localhost ~]# ls -l /dev/sd*
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 0 May 23 07:23 /dev/sda
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 1 May 23 07:23 /dev/sda1
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 2 May 23 07:23 /dev/sda2

学习笔记-第08天-命令合集7_文件类型_05

s socket文件 (进程通信时才会用到)

[root@localhost ~]# ls -l /dev/log
srw-rw-rw- 1 root root 0 May 23 07:23 /dev/log

学习笔记-第08天-命令合集7_vim_06

查看文件类型：file

[root@localhost ~]# file /etc/hosts
/etc/hosts: ASCII text
[root@localhost ~]# file /bin/ls
/bin/ls: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked (uses shared libs), for GNU/Linux 2.6.32, BuildID[sha1]=aaf05615b6c91d3cbb076af81aeff531c5d7dfd9, stripped
[root@localhost ~]# file /var/log/wtmp
/var/log/wtmp: data

学习笔记-第08天-命令合集7_bash_07

wc 查看行数，字符数等：

-l 查看行数

-L 查看字符数

实践:

[root@localhost ~]# wc -l /etc/hosts
2 /etc/hosts
[root@localhost ~]# echo oldboy|wc -L
6

学习笔记-第08天-命令合集7_bash_08

查找命令：

1) which查看二进制命令所在路径：(从PATH环境变量路径里查找)

[root@localhost ~]# which ls
alias ls='ls --color=auto'
	/usr/bin/ls
[root@localhost ~]# which cp
alias cp='cp -i'
	/usr/bin/cp

学习笔记-第08天-命令合集7_vim_09

特殊注意：

[root@localhost ~]# echo $PATH
/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin

学习笔记-第08天-命令合集7_bash_10

2) Whereis查看文件及文件的帮助等的路径：

-b 查看二进制命令所在路径which：

[root@localhost ~]# whereis -b ls
ls: /usr/bin/ls
[root@localhost ~]# whereis ls
ls: /usr/bin/ls /usr/share/man/man1/ls.1.gz

学习笔记-第08天-命令合集7_bash_11

3)locate查找文件及相关内容(内置数据库，通过updatedb)

[root@localhost ~]# yum install mlocate -y
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com

学习笔记-第08天-命令合集7_bash_12

[root@localhost ~]# locate ls
/usr/share/vim/vim74/compiler/modelsim_vcom.vim
/usr/share/vim/vim74/compiler/onsgmls.vim
/usr/share/vim/vim74/ftplugin/alsaconf.vim
/usr/share/vim/vim74/ftplugin/protocols.vim
/usr/share/vim/vim74/syntax/alsaconf.vim
/usr/share/vim/vim74/syntax/cuplsim.vim
/usr/share/vim/vim74/syntax/lscript.vim
/usr/share/vim/vim74/syntax/lsl.vim
/usr/share/vim/vim74/syntax/lss.vim
/usr/share/vim/vim74/syntax/plsql.vim
/usr/share/vim/vim74/syntax/protocols.vim
/usr/share/yum-cli/utils.py
/usr/share/yum-cli/utils.pyc

学习笔记-第08天-命令合集7_vim_13

4) find查找:

（1）-name 按名字查找

find 路径选项1 【参数1】选项2 【参数2】

按名字查找：

find / -name “hosts”

[root@localhost date]# find / -name "hosts"
/etc/hosts

学习笔记-第08天-命令合集7_bash_14

按名字模糊查找：

find / -name “ho*ts”

[root@localhost date]# find / -name "ho*ts"
/etc/hosts

学习笔记-第08天-命令合集7_vim_15

(2) 按类型查找：

-type

-type c

b block (buffered) special

c character (unbuffered) special

d directory

f regular file

l symbolic link;

s socket

查找目录：

[root@localhost ~]# find /root -type d
/root
/root/dir
/root/dir1
/root/dir2
/root/dir3
/root/dir4
/root/dir5

学习笔记-第08天-命令合集7_文件类型_16

查看文件：

[root@localhost ~]# find /root -type f
/root/.bash_logout
/root/.bash_profile
/root/.bashrc
/root/.cshrc
/root/.tcshrc
/root/.bash_history
/root/.localhost.txt.swp
/root/seq
/root/a.txt
/root/test.txt
/root/u.txt
/root/ab.txt
/root/b.txt
/root/.viminfo
/root/oldboy.txt
/root/oldgirl.txt
/root/oldboy
/root/seq.txt

学习笔记-第08天-命令合集7_bash_17

组合查找：find默认就是取交集(-a) and,并集(-o)or

查看文件类型为文件，并且名字为hosts

find / -name “hosts”-a -type f

find / -name “hosts”-type f

[root@localhost date]# find  / -name "hosts" -a -type f
/etc/hosts
[root@localhost date]# find  / -name "hosts"  -type f
/etc/hosts

学习笔记-第08天-命令合集7_bash_18

并集：查找名为hosts，或者类型为d

find / -name “hosts”-o -type d -name “oldboy”

[root@localhost date]# find  / -name "hosts" -o  -type d -name "oldboy"
/etc/hosts

学习笔记-第08天-命令合集7_bash_19

取反：！查找名字不是file1

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /date -p
[root@localhost ~]# touch /date/file{1..3}
[root@localhost ~]# find /date -name "file1"
/date/file1
[root@localhost ~]# find /date -! -name "file1"
/date
/date/file2
/date/file3

学习笔记-第08天-命令合集7_vim_20

(3) 按大小查找：

-size +1M #大于1M

-size -1M #小于1M

-size 1M #1M

其他单位： K ,G

[root@localhost date]# find ./ -size -10M
./
./file1
./file2
./file3
[root@localhost date]# find ./ -size +10M

学习笔记-第08天-命令合集7_bash_21

(4) -mtime按修改时间查找

-atime按访问时间查找

-ctime按改变时间查找

-mtime +7 #7天以前的

-mtime -7 #最近7天的

-mtime 7 #第7天

[root@localhost date]# find ./ -mtime -7
./
./file1
./file2
./file3
./file01
./file02
./file03
./file04
./file05
./file06
./file07
./file08
./file09
./file10
./file11
./file12
./file13
./file14
./file15
./file16
./file17
./file18
./file19
./file20
./file21
./file22
./file23
./file24
./file25
./file26
./file27
./file28
./file29
./file30
[root@localhost date]# find ./ -mtime +7

学习笔记-第08天-命令合集7_bash_22

测试：复制即可，模拟每天创建一个文件，连续30天。

for n in {01..30};do date -s “2030/05/0$n”;touch /date/file$n;done

[root@localhost date]# for n in {01..30};do date -s “2030/05/0$n”;touch /date/file$n;done
date: invalid date ‘“2030/05/001”’
date: invalid date ‘“2030/05/002”’
date: invalid date ‘“2030/05/003”’
date: invalid date ‘“2030/05/004”’
date: invalid date ‘“2030/05/005”’
date: invalid date ‘“2030/05/006”’
date: invalid date ‘“2030/05/007”’
date: invalid date ‘“2030/05/008”’
date: invalid date ‘“2030/05/009”’
date: invalid date ‘“2030/05/010”’
date: invalid date ‘“2030/05/011”’
date: invalid date ‘“2030/05/012”’
date: invalid date ‘“2030/05/013”’
date: invalid date ‘“2030/05/014”’
date: invalid date ‘“2030/05/015”’
date: invalid date ‘“2030/05/016”’
date: invalid date ‘“2030/05/017”’
date: invalid date ‘“2030/05/018”’
date: invalid date ‘“2030/05/019”’
date: invalid date ‘“2030/05/020”’
date: invalid date ‘“2030/05/021”’
date: invalid date ‘“2030/05/022”’
date: invalid date ‘“2030/05/023”’
date: invalid date ‘“2030/05/024”’
date: invalid date ‘“2030/05/025”’
date: invalid date ‘“2030/05/026”’
date: invalid date ‘“2030/05/027”’
date: invalid date ‘“2030/05/028”’
date: invalid date ‘“2030/05/029”’
date: invalid date ‘“2030/05/030”’

学习笔记-第08天-命令合集7_文件类型_23

.和./都表示当前目录

..和../都表示上级目录

【对找到的东西进行处理】

-exec 执行动作

方法一：

find /date -name “file*”-mtime +7 -exec rm -f {} \;

[root@localhost date]# find /date -name “file*” -mtime +7 -exec rm -f {} \;
[root@localhost date]# find /date -name “file*” -mtime +7 
[root@localhost date]# ls
file01  file03  file05  file07  file09  file10  file12  file14  file16  file18  file2   file21  file23  file25  file27  file29  file30
file02  file04  file06  file08  file1   file11  file13  file15  file17  file19  file20  file22  file24  file26  file28  file3
[root@localhost date]# find /date -name “file*” -mtime 7
[root@localhost date]# find /date -name “file*” -mtime 7 -exec rm -f {} \;
[root@localhost date]# find /date -name “file*” -mtime 7
[root@localhost date]# ls
file01  file03  file05  file07  file09  file10  file12  file14  file16  file18  file2   file21  file23  file25  file27  file29  file30
file02  file04  file06  file08  file1   file11  file13  file15  file17  file19  file20  file22  file24  file26  file28  file3

学习笔记-第08天-命令合集7_vim_24

方法二：

命令行：

$(命令)或`命令`，拼路径拼命令

rm -f $(find /date -name “file*”-type f -mtime +7)

rm -f `find /date -name “file*”-type f -mtime +7`

[root@localhost ~]# rm -f $(find /date -name “file*” -type f -mtime +7)
[root@localhost ~]# ls
ab.txt  a.txt  b.txt  dir  dir1  dir2  dir3  dir4  dir5  oldboy  oldboy.txt  oldgirl.txt  seq  seq.txt  test.txt  u.txt
[root@localhost ~]#  rm -f $`find /date -name “file*” -type f -mtime +7`
[root@localhost ~]# ls
ab.txt  a.txt  b.txt  dir  dir1  dir2  dir3  dir4  dir5  oldboy  oldboy.txt  oldgirl.txt  seq  seq.txt  test.txt  u.txt

学习笔记-第08天-命令合集7_bash_25

方法三：

Xargs

-n 分组

[root@localhost date]# seq 10 >oldboy.txt
[root@localhost date]# xargs -n 3 <oldboy.txt
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
10

学习笔记-第08天-命令合集7_bash_26

-i

/data/file 30

[root@localhost date]# find /date -name “file*” -mtime 7|xargs -i rm -f {}
[root@localhost date]# ls
file01  file03  file05  file07  file09  file10  file12  file14  file16  file18  file2   file21  file23  file25  file27  file29  file30
file02  file04  file06  file08  file1   file11  file13  file15  file17  file19  file20  file22  file24  file26  file28  file3   oldboy.txt
[root@localhost date]# find /date -name “file*” -mtime +7|xargs -i rm -f {}

学习笔记-第08天-命令合集7_bash_27