简介:
FTP客户端实现要建立两个通道,一个控制命令通道,让FTP服务器知道客户端要干什么,一个数据传输通道。所谓的两个通道只不过是两个调用了connect函数的连接,只是控制命令通道专门用来传输一些字符串命令信息,而数据通道则是用来传输文件。控制命令通道一定是由客户端向服务器的连接(默认的端口是21,也可以指定端口,这要看服务器的设置)。连接的过程完成了FTP的登录。数据通道则不一定啦,具体哪个连哪个,请看下面对PASV命令的解释。
其实FTP断点续传的原理很简单,可分为断点下载和断点上传。
客户端的实现步骤如下:
一、下载:
1、向服务器发送“REST + 本地文件长度”命令,告诉服务器,客户端要断点下载了。这时服务器还不知道客户端要下载哪个文件;
2、向服务器发送“RETR + 文件名”命令,通知服务器要下载的文件名,这时服务器开始定位文件指针读文件并发送数据。
3、客户端定位本地文件指针(文件末尾);
4、两端的准备工作都做完了以后,客户端创建socket,以被动或非被动方式建立数据通道,循环调用recv接收数据并追加入本地文件;
二、上传:
1、获取服务器上和本地要上传文件的同名文件大小;
2、向服务器发送“APPE + 文件名”,通知服务器,接下来从数据通道发送给你的数据要附加到这个文件末尾。
3、定位本地文件指针(和FTP上文件大小相同的位置)
4、从文件指针处读数据并发送。
好了,FTP断点续传的原理就这么简单。代码里将断点上传和断点下载放到同一个函数(MoveFile)里,通过get参数说明是上传还是下载。当然,整个FTP类的实现有800多行,包括登录、退出、获取FTP文件大小、删除FTP服务器上文件、响应服务器,解析响应信息等函数。相应的注释代码里都有,这里就不一一熬述了。
这里重点说说PASV模式,即被动模式,这是FTP命令里比较不容易理解的一个,这条命令请求服务器在某个端口(非FTP默认端口或控制命令端口)创建一个监听socket,服务器创建的端口号会在客户端的控制命令通道上得到响应。得到这个端口号后,客户端就可以创建新的socket(数据通道)connect过去,并进行文件传输等工作。否则,如果为非被动模式,那么监听的socket由客户端创建,服务器connect过来。
对于这条命令的存在我是这么理解的,存在这么一种情况:客户端的IP是个内网的IP,服务器的IP是个外网的,当进行数据传输时内网的IP对于服务器是不可见的,只有由服务器启动监听socket才能建立数据通道,所以必须以被动模式进行。
一:FTP单线程断点续传:
FTP和传统的HTTP协议有所不同,由于FTP没有所谓的头文件,因此我们不能像HTTP那样通过设置header向服务器指定下载区间
但是FTP协议提供了一个更好用的命令REST用于从指定位置恢复任务,同时FTP协议也提供了一个命令SIZE用于获取下载的文件大小,有了这两个命令,FTP断点续传也就没有什么问题。
FTP断点续传的原理和HTTP的断点续传原理差不多,在暂停时记录文件的停止位置,再次下载时,先读取记录的位置,如果位置存在,则通过REST命令告诉服务器从指定区间进行下载。
二:FTP多线程断点续传(本次未实现)
多线程下载的原理和HTTP多线程下载的原理差不多。先获取文件大小,然后根据线程数,对整个文件进行分段下载,在任务停止时,记录每一条线程的暂停位置,重新开始下载,每一条线程读取对应的下载记录,然后每一线程从指定位置开始下载。
和HTTP所不同的是,FTP并没有提供文件区间的API,因此,FTP在分段下载中,只有起始位置而没有结束位置。
因此,你需要在指定位置手动停止线程。
具体实现:
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-net</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-net</artifactId>
<version>3.6</version>
</dependency>
/**
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
* contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
* this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
* The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
* (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
* the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*
*/
package com.example.ftp;
/**
* @desc: demo
* @name: DownloadStatus.java
* @author: tompai
* @email:liinux@qq.com
* @createTime: 2019年12月24日 下午10:50:24
* @history:
* @version: v1.0
*/
public enum DownloadStatus {
Remote_File_Noexist,
Local_Bigger_Remote,
Download_From_Break_Success,
Download_From_Break_Failed,
Download_New_Success,
Download_New_Failed,
}
/**
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
* contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
* this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
* The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
* (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
* the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*
*/
package com.example.ftp;
/**
* @desc: demo
* @name: UploadStatus.java
* @author: tompai
* @email:liinux@qq.com
* @createTime: 2019年12月24日 下午10:50:34
* @history:
* @version: v1.0
*/
public enum UploadStatus {
Create_Directory_Fail,
File_Exits,
Remote_Bigger_Local,
Upload_From_Break_Failed,
Delete_Remote_Faild,
Create_Directory_Success,
Upload_From_Break_Success,
Upload_New_File_Success,
Upload_New_File_Failed
}
/**
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
* contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
* this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
* The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
* (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
* the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*
*/
package com.example.ftp;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.io.RandomAccessFile;
import org.apache.commons.net.PrintCommandListener;
import org.apache.commons.net.ftp.FTP;
import org.apache.commons.net.ftp.FTPClient;
import org.apache.commons.net.ftp.FTPFile;
import org.apache.commons.net.ftp.FTPReply;
/**
* @desc: demo
* @name: FTPUtils.java
* @author: tompai
* @email:liinux@qq.com
* @createTime: 2019年12月24日 下午10:43:27
* @history:
* @version: v1.0
*/
public class FTPUtils {
public FTPClient ftpClient = new FTPClient();
public FTPUtils() {
// 设置将过程中使用到的命令输出到控制台
this.ftpClient.addProtocolCommandListener(new PrintCommandListener(new PrintWriter(System.out)));
}
/**
*
* @todo连接到FTP服务器
* @param hostname 主机名
* @param port 端口
* @param username 用户名
* @param password 密码
* @return 是否连接成功
* @throws IOException
*
*/
public boolean connect(String hostname, int port, String username, String password) throws IOException {
ftpClient.connect(hostname, port);
ftpClient.setControlEncoding("GBK");
if (FTPReply.isPositiveCompletion(ftpClient.getReplyCode())) {
if (ftpClient.login(username, password)) {
return true;
}
}
disconnect();
return false;
}
/**
*
* 从FTP服务器上下载文件,支持断点续传,上传百分比汇报
* @param remote 远程文件路径
* @param local 本地文件路径
* @return 上传的状态
* @throws IOException
*
*/
public DownloadStatus download(String remote, String local) throws IOException {
// 设置被动模式
ftpClient.enterLocalPassiveMode();
// 设置以二进制方式传输
ftpClient.setFileType(FTP.BINARY_FILE_TYPE);
DownloadStatus result;
// 检查远程文件是否存在
FTPFile[] files = ftpClient.listFiles(new String(remote.getBytes("GBK"), "iso-8859-1"));
if (files.length != 1) {
System.out.println("远程文件不存在");
return DownloadStatus.Remote_File_Noexist;
}
long lRemoteSize = files[0].getSize();
File f = new File(local);
// 本地存在文件,进行断点下载
if (f.exists()) {
long localSize = f.length();
// 判断本地文件大小是否大于远程文件大小
if (localSize >= lRemoteSize) {
System.out.println("本地文件大于远程文件,下载中止");
return DownloadStatus.Local_Bigger_Remote;
}
// 进行断点续传,并记录状态
FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(f, true);
ftpClient.setRestartOffset(localSize);
InputStream in = ftpClient.retrieveFileStream(new String(remote.getBytes("GBK"), "iso-8859-1"));
byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
long step = lRemoteSize / 100;
long process = localSize / step;
int c;
while ((c = in.read(bytes)) != -1) {
out.write(bytes, 0, c);
localSize += c;
long nowProcess = localSize / step;
if (nowProcess > process) {
process = nowProcess;
if (process % 10 == 0)
System.out.println("下载进度:" + process);
// TODO 更新文件下载进度,值存放在process变量中
}
}
in.close();
out.close();
boolean isDo = ftpClient.completePendingCommand();
if (isDo) {
result = DownloadStatus.Download_From_Break_Success;
} else {
result = DownloadStatus.Download_From_Break_Failed;
}
} else {
OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(f);
InputStream in = ftpClient.retrieveFileStream(new String(remote.getBytes("GBK"), "iso-8859-1"));
byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
long step = lRemoteSize / 100;
long process = 0;
long localSize = 0L;
int c;
while ((c = in.read(bytes)) != -1) {
out.write(bytes, 0, c);
localSize += c;
long nowProcess = localSize / step;
if (nowProcess > process) {
process = nowProcess;
if (process % 10 == 0)
System.out.println("下载进度:" + process);
// TODO 更新文件下载进度,值存放在process变量中
}
}
in.close();
out.close();
boolean upNewStatus = ftpClient.completePendingCommand();
if (upNewStatus) {
result = DownloadStatus.Download_New_Success;
} else {
result = DownloadStatus.Download_New_Failed;
}
}
return result;
}
/**
* 上传文件到FTP服务器,支持断点续传
* @param local 本地文件名称,绝对路径
* @param remote 远程文件路径,使用/home/directory1/subdirectory/file.ext
* 按照Linux上的路径指定方式,支持多级目录嵌套,支持递归创建不存在的目录结构
* @return 上传结果
* @throws IOException
*
*/
public UploadStatus upload(String local, String remote) throws IOException {
// 设置PassiveMode传输
ftpClient.enterLocalPassiveMode();
// 设置以二进制流的方式传输
ftpClient.setFileType(FTP.BINARY_FILE_TYPE);
ftpClient.setControlEncoding("GBK");
UploadStatus result;
// 对远程目录的处理
String remoteFileName = remote;
if (remote.contains("/")) {
remoteFileName = remote.substring(remote.lastIndexOf("/") + 1);
// 创建服务器远程目录结构,创建失败直接返回
if (CreateDirecroty(remote, ftpClient) == UploadStatus.Create_Directory_Fail) {
return UploadStatus.Create_Directory_Fail;
}
}
// 检查远程是否存在文件
FTPFile[] files = ftpClient.listFiles(new String(remoteFileName.getBytes("GBK"), "iso-8859-1"));
if (files.length == 1) {
long remoteSize = files[0].getSize();
File f = new File(local);
long localSize = f.length();
if (remoteSize == localSize) {
return UploadStatus.File_Exits;
} else if (remoteSize > localSize) {
return UploadStatus.Remote_Bigger_Local;
}
// 尝试移动文件内读取指针,实现断点续传
result = uploadFile(remoteFileName, f, ftpClient, remoteSize);
// 如果断点续传没有成功,则删除服务器上文件,重新上传
if (result == UploadStatus.Upload_From_Break_Failed) {
if (!ftpClient.deleteFile(remoteFileName)) {
return UploadStatus.Delete_Remote_Faild;
}
result = uploadFile(remoteFileName, f, ftpClient, 0);
}
} else {
result = uploadFile(remoteFileName, new File(local), ftpClient, 0);
}
return result;
}
/**
* 断开与远程服务器的连接
* @throws IOException
*
*/
public void disconnect() throws IOException {
if (ftpClient.isConnected()) {
ftpClient.disconnect();
}
}
/**
*
* 递归创建远程服务器目录
* @param remote 远程服务器文件绝对路径
* @param ftpClient FTPClient对象
* @return 目录创建是否成功
* @throws IOException
*
*/
public UploadStatus CreateDirecroty(String remote, FTPClient ftpClient) throws IOException {
UploadStatus status = UploadStatus.Create_Directory_Success;
String directory = remote.substring(0, remote.lastIndexOf("/") + 1);
if (!directory.equalsIgnoreCase("/")
&& !ftpClient.changeWorkingDirectory(new String(directory.getBytes("GBK"), "iso-8859-1"))) {
// 如果远程目录不存在,则递归创建远程服务器目录
int start = 0;
int end = 0;
if (directory.startsWith("/")) {
start = 1;
} else {
start = 0;
}
end = directory.indexOf("/", start);
while (true) {
String subDirectory = new String(remote.substring(start, end).getBytes("GBK"), "iso-8859-1");
if (!ftpClient.changeWorkingDirectory(subDirectory)) {
if (ftpClient.makeDirectory(subDirectory)) {
ftpClient.changeWorkingDirectory(subDirectory);
} else {
System.out.println("创建目录失败");
return UploadStatus.Create_Directory_Fail;
}
}
start = end + 1;
end = directory.indexOf("/", start);
// 检查所有目录是否创建完毕
if (end <= start) {
break;
}
}
}
return status;
}
/**
*
* 上传文件到服务器,新上传和断点续传
* @param remoteFile 远程文件名,在上传之前已经将服务器工作目录做了改变
* @param localFile 本地文件File句柄,绝对路径
* @param processStep 需要显示的处理进度步进值
* @param ftpClient FTPClient引用
* @return
* @throws IOException
*
*/
public UploadStatus uploadFile(String remoteFile, File localFile, FTPClient ftpClient, long remoteSize)
throws IOException {
UploadStatus status;
// 显示进度的上传
long step = localFile.length() / 100;
long process = 0;
long localreadbytes = 0L;
RandomAccessFile raf = new RandomAccessFile(localFile, "r");
OutputStream out = ftpClient.appendFileStream(new String(remoteFile.getBytes("GBK"), "iso-8859-1"));
// 断点续传
if (remoteSize > 0) {
ftpClient.setRestartOffset(remoteSize);
process = remoteSize / step;
raf.seek(remoteSize);
localreadbytes = remoteSize;
}
byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
int c;
while ((c = raf.read(bytes)) != -1) {
out.write(bytes, 0, c);
localreadbytes += c;
if (localreadbytes / step != process) {
process = localreadbytes / step;
System.out.println("上传进度:" + process);
// TODO 汇报上传状态
}
}
out.flush();
raf.close();
out.close();
boolean result = ftpClient.completePendingCommand();
if (remoteSize > 0) {
status = result ? UploadStatus.Upload_From_Break_Success : UploadStatus.Upload_From_Break_Failed;
} else {
status = result ? UploadStatus.Upload_New_File_Success : UploadStatus.Upload_New_File_Failed;
}
return status;
}
/**
* 测试方法
* @author: tompai
* @createTime: 2019年12月24日 下午11:08:24
* @history:
* @param args void
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
FTPUtils myFtp = new FTPUtils();
try {
System.err.println(myFtp.connect("192.168.199.100", 21, "test", "test"));
myFtp.ftpClient.makeDirectory(new String("权利的游戏".getBytes("GBK"),"iso-8859-1"));
myFtp.ftpClient.changeWorkingDirectory(new String("权利的游戏".getBytes("GBK"),"iso-8859-1"));
System.out.println(myFtp.upload("E:\\test1.docx", "/test1.docx"));
System.out.println(myFtp.download("/test1.docx", "E:\\/test2.docx"));
myFtp.disconnect();
} catch (IOException e) {
System.out.println("连接FTP出错:" + e.getMessage());
}
}
}