import java.text.ParseException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Calendar;
import java.util.Date;

/**
* 根据指定日期获取上月日期
* @param date
* @return
*/
private static Date getLastDate(Date date) {
	Calendar cal = Calendar.getInstance();
	cal.setTime(date);
	cal.add(Calendar.MONTH, -1);
	return cal.getTime();
}

public static void main(String[] args) {
	SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
	Date date;
	try {
		date = sdf.parse("2021-01-09");  //指定日期
		System.out.println("本月:" + sdf.format(date));
		System.out.println("上月" + sdf.format(getLastDate(date)));
	} catch (ParseException e) {
		e.printStackTrace();
	}				
		
}

运行结果:
本月:2021-01-09
上月:2020-12-09