全栈工程师开发手册 （作者：栾鹏）
#Prometheus简介（基于Kubernetes）
本文中不包含Alertmanager和远程存储的内容，下次有时间在补充！！！
##1、Prometheus简介
Prometheus是一个开源的系统监控工具。根据配置的任务（job）以http/s周期性的收刮（scrape/pull）指定目标（target）上的指标（metric）。目标（target）可以以静态方式或者自动发现方式指定。Prometheus将收刮（scrape）的指标（metric）保存在本地或者远程存储上。
Prometheus以pull方式来收集指标。对比push方式，pull可以集中配置、针对不同的视角搭建不同的监控系统；
Prometheus于2016年加入CNCF，是继kubernetes之后，第二个加入CNCF的开源项目！
###1.1、体系结构
- Prometheus Server：核心组件，负责收刮和存储时序数据（time series data），并且提供查询接口；
- Jobs/Exporters：客户端，监控并采集指标，对外暴露HTTP服务（/metrics）；目前已经有很多的软件原生就支持Prometjeus，提供/metrics，可以直接使用；对于像操作系统已经不提供/metrics的应用，可以使用现有的exporters或者开发自己的exporters来提供/metrics服务；
- Pushgateway：针对push系统设计，Short-lived jobs定时将指标push到Pushgateway，再由Prometheus Server从Pushgateway上pull；
- Alertmanager：报警组件，根据实现配置的规则（rule）进行响应，例如发送邮件；
- Web UI：Prometheus内置一个简单的Web控制台，可以查询指标，查看配置信息或者Service Discovery等，实际工作中，查看指标或者创建仪表盘通常使用Grafana，Prometheus作为Grafana的数据源；
###1.2、数据结构
Prometheus按照时间序列存储指标，每一个指标都由Notation + Samples组成：
- Notation：通常有指标名称与一组label组成：
<metric name>{<label name>=<label value>, ...}- Samples：样品，通常包含一个64位的浮点值和一个毫秒级的时间戳
##2、安装部署
###2.1、环境清单
- 系统环境
root@master:~# uname -a
Linux master 4.4.0-62-generic #83-Ubuntu SMP Wed Jan 18 14:10:15 UTC 2017 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
root@master:~# kubectl get nodes -o wide
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION EXTERNAL-IP OS-IMAGE KERNEL-VERSION CONTAINER-RUNTIME
master Ready master 11d v1.9.0+coreos.0 <none> Ubuntu 16.04.2 LTS 4.4.0-62-generic docker://17.12.0-ce
node1 Ready <none> 11d v1.9.0+coreos.0 <none> Ubuntu 16.04.2 LTS 4.4.0-62-generic docker://17.12.0-ce
node2 Ready <none> 11d v1.9.0+coreos.0 <none> Ubuntu 16.04.2 LTS 4.4.0-62-generic docker://17.12.0-ce
node3 Ready <none> 11d v1.9.0+coreos.0 <none> Ubuntu 16.04.2 LTS 4.4.0-62-generic docker://17.12.0-ce
root@master:~# kubectl get pods --all-namespaces -o wide
NAMESPACE NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE
kube-system calico-node-64btj 1/1 Running 0 11d 192.168.115.213 node3
kube-system calico-node-8wqtc 1/1 Running 0 11d 192.168.115.211 node1
kube-system calico-node-hrmql 1/1 Running 0 11d 192.168.115.210 master
kube-system calico-node-wvgtc 1/1 Running 0 11d 192.168.115.212 node2
kube-system kube-apiserver-master 1/1 Running 0 11d 192.168.115.210 master
kube-system kube-controller-manager-master 1/1 Running 0 11d 192.168.115.210 master
kube-system kube-dns-7d9c4d7876-wxss9 3/3 Running 0 11d 10.233.75.2 node2
kube-system kube-dns-7d9c4d7876-xbxbg 3/3 Running 0 11d 10.233.102.129 node1
kube-system kube-proxy-gprzq 1/1 Running 0 11d 192.168.115.211 node1
kube-system kube-proxy-k9gpk 1/1 Running 0 11d 192.168.115.213 node3
kube-system kube-proxy-kwl5c 1/1 Running 0 11d 192.168.115.212 node2
kube-system kube-proxy-plxpc 1/1 Running 0 11d 192.168.115.210 master
kube-system kube-scheduler-master 1/1 Running 0 11d 192.168.115.210 master
kube-system kube-state-metrics-868cf44b5f-g8qfj 2/2 Running 0 6d 10.233.102.157 node1
kube-system kubedns-autoscaler-564b455d77-7rm9g 1/1 Running 0 11d 10.233.75.1 node2
kube-system kubernetes-dashboard-767994d8b8-wmzs7 1/1 Running 0 11d 10.233.75.3 node2
kube-system nginx-proxy-node1 1/1 Running 0 11d 192.168.115.211 node1
kube-system nginx-proxy-node2 1/1 Running 0 11d 192.168.115.212 node2
kube-system nginx-proxy-node3 1/1 Running 0 11d 192.168.115.213 node3
kube-system tiller-deploy-f9b69765d-lvw8k 1/1 Running 0 11d 10.233.71.5 node3
root@master:~# showmount -e
Export list for master:
/nfs *
- 创建namespace
root@master:~/kubernetes/prometheus# cat namespace.yml
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
name: ns-monitor
labels:
name: ns-monitor
root@master:~/kubernetes/prometheus# kubectl apply -f namespace.yml
###2.2、部署node-exporter
- node-exporter.yml文件内容
---
kind: DaemonSet
apiVersion: apps/v1beta2
metadata:
labels:
app: node-exporter
name: node-exporter
namespace: ns-monitor
spec:
revisionHistoryLimit: 10
selector:
matchLabels:
app: node-exporter
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: node-exporter
spec:
containers:
- name: node-exporter
image: 192.168.101.88:5000/prom/node-exporter:v0.15.2
ports:
- containerPort: 9100
protocol: TCP
hostNetwork: true
hostPID: true
tolerations:
- effect: NoSchedule
operator: Exists
---
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
labels:
app: node-exporter
name: node-exporter-service
namespace: ns-monitor
spec:
ports:
- port: 9100
targetPort: 9100
selector:
app: node-exporter
clusterIP: None
- 部署node-exporter
root@master:~/kubernetes/prometheus# kubectl apply -f node-exporter.yml
root@master:~/kubernetes/prometheus# kubectl get pods -n ns-monitor -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE
node-exporter-br7wz 1/1 Running 0 3h 192.168.115.210 master
node-exporter-jzc6f 1/1 Running 0 3h 192.168.115.212 node2
node-exporter-t9s2f 1/1 Running 0 3h 192.168.115.213 node3
node-exporter-trh52 1/1 Running 0 3h 192.168.115.211 node1
Node-exporter用于采集kubernetes集群中各个节点的物理指标，比如：Memory、CPU等。可以直接在每个物理节点是直接安装，这里我们使用DaemonSet部署到每个节点上，使用
hostNetwork: true 和 hostPID: true 使其获得Node的物理指标信息；
配置tolerations使其在master节点也启动一个pod，我的集群默认情况下，master不参与负载；
- 查看node-exporter指标信息
使用浏览器访问任意节点的9100端口
###2.3、部署Prometheus
- prometheus.yml文件内容
---apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
name: prometheus
rules:
- apiGroups: [""] # "" indicates the core API group resources:
- nodes - nodes/proxy - services - endpoints - pods verbs:
- get - watch - list - apiGroups: - extensions resources:
- ingresses verbs:
- get - watch - list - nonResourceURLs: ["/metrics"] verbs:
- get---apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: prometheus
namespace: ns-monitor
labels:
app: prometheus
---apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
name: prometheus
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount name: prometheus
namespace: ns-monitor
roleRef:
kind: ClusterRole
name: prometheus
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
---apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: prometheus-conf
namespace: ns-monitor
labels:
app: prometheus
data:
prometheus.yml: |-
# my global config
global:
scrape_interval: 15s # Set the scrape interval to every 15 seconds. Default is every 1 minute.
evaluation_interval: 15s # Evaluate rules every 15 seconds. The default is every 1 minute.
# scrape_timeout is set to the global default (10s).
# Alertmanager configuration
alerting:
alertmanagers:
- static_configs: - targets: # - alertmanager:9093
# Load rules once and periodically evaluate them according to the global 'evaluation_interval'.
rule_files:
# - "first_rules.yml"
# - "second_rules.yml"
# A scrape configuration containing exactly one endpoint to scrape:
# Here it's Prometheus itself.
scrape_configs:
# The job name is added as a label `job=<job_name>` to any timeseries scraped from this config.
- job_name: 'prometheus'
# metrics_path defaults to '/metrics'
# scheme defaults to 'http'.
static_configs:
- targets: ['localhost:9090'] - job_name: 'grafana' static_configs:
- targets: - 'grafana-service.ns-monitor:3000'
- job_name: 'kubernetes-apiservers'
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: endpoints
# Default to scraping over https. If required, just disable this or change to
# `http`.
scheme: https
# This TLS & bearer token file config is used to connect to the actual scrape
# endpoints for cluster components. This is separate to discovery auth
# configuration because discovery & scraping are two separate concerns in
# Prometheus. The discovery auth config is automatic if Prometheus runs inside
# the cluster. Otherwise, more config options have to be provided within the
# <kubernetes_sd_config>.
tls_config:
ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
# If your node certificates are self-signed or use a different CA to the
# master CA, then disable certificate verification below. Note that
# certificate verification is an integral part of a secure infrastructure
# so this should only be disabled in a controlled environment. You can
# disable certificate verification by uncommenting the line below.
#
# insecure_skip_verify: true
bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
# Keep only the default/kubernetes service endpoints for the https port. This
# will add targets for each API server which Kubernetes adds an endpoint to
# the default/kubernetes service.
relabel_configs:
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace, __meta_kubernetes_service_name, __meta_kubernetes_endpoint_port_name] action: keep
regex: default;kubernetes;https
# Scrape config for nodes (kubelet).
#
# Rather than connecting directly to the node, the scrape is proxied though the
# Kubernetes apiserver. This means it will work if Prometheus is running out of
# cluster, or can't connect to nodes for some other reason (e.g. because of
# firewalling).
- job_name: 'kubernetes-nodes'
# Default to scraping over https. If required, just disable this or change to
# `http`.
scheme: https
# This TLS & bearer token file config is used to connect to the actual scrape
# endpoints for cluster components. This is separate to discovery auth
# configuration because discovery & scraping are two separate concerns in
# Prometheus. The discovery auth config is automatic if Prometheus runs inside
# the cluster. Otherwise, more config options have to be provided within the
# <kubernetes_sd_config>.
tls_config:
ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: node
relabel_configs:
- action: labelmap regex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.+)
- target_label: __address__ replacement: kubernetes.default.svc:443
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_node_name] regex: (.+)
target_label: __metrics_path__
replacement: /api/v1/nodes/${1}/proxy/metrics
# Scrape config for Kubelet cAdvisor.
#
# This is required for Kubernetes 1.7.3 and later, where cAdvisor metrics
# (those whose names begin with 'container_') have been removed from the
# Kubelet metrics endpoint. This job scrapes the cAdvisor endpoint to
# retrieve those metrics.
#
# In Kubernetes 1.7.0-1.7.2, these metrics are only exposed on the cAdvisor
# HTTP endpoint; use "replacement: /api/v1/nodes/${1}:4194/proxy/metrics"
# in that case (and ensure cAdvisor's HTTP server hasn't been disabled with
# the --cadvisor-port=0 Kubelet flag).
#
# This job is not necessary and should be removed in Kubernetes 1.6 and
# earlier versions, or it will cause the metrics to be scraped twice.
- job_name: 'kubernetes-cadvisor'
# Default to scraping over https. If required, just disable this or change to
# `http`.
scheme: https
# This TLS & bearer token file config is used to connect to the actual scrape
# endpoints for cluster components. This is separate to discovery auth
# configuration because discovery & scraping are two separate concerns in
# Prometheus. The discovery auth config is automatic if Prometheus runs inside
# the cluster. Otherwise, more config options have to be provided within the
# <kubernetes_sd_config>.
tls_config:
ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: node
relabel_configs:
- action: labelmap regex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.+)
- target_label: __address__ replacement: kubernetes.default.svc:443
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_node_name] regex: (.+)
target_label: __metrics_path__
replacement: /api/v1/nodes/${1}/proxy/metrics/cadvisor
# Scrape config for service endpoints.
#
# The relabeling allows the actual service scrape endpoint to be configured
# via the following annotations:
#
# * `prometheus.io/scrape`: Only scrape services that have a value of `true`
# * `prometheus.io/scheme`: If the metrics endpoint is secured then you will need
# to set this to `https` & most likely set the `tls_config` of the scrape config.
# * `prometheus.io/path`: If the metrics path is not `/metrics` override this.
# * `prometheus.io/port`: If the metrics are exposed on a different port to the
# service then set this appropriately.
- job_name: 'kubernetes-service-endpoints'
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: endpoints
relabel_configs:
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scrape] action: keep
regex: true
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scheme] action: replace
target_label: __scheme__
regex: (https?)
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_path] action: replace
target_label: __metrics_path__
regex: (.+)
- source_labels: [__address__, __meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_port] action: replace
target_label: __address__
regex: ([^:]+)(?::\d+)?;(\d+)
replacement: $1:$2
- action: labelmap regex: __meta_kubernetes_service_label_(.+)
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace] action: replace
target_label: kubernetes_namespace
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_name] action: replace
target_label: kubernetes_name
# Example scrape config for probing services via the Blackbox Exporter.
#
# The relabeling allows the actual service scrape endpoint to be configured
# via the following annotations:
#
# * `prometheus.io/probe`: Only probe services that have a value of `true`
- job_name: 'kubernetes-services'
metrics_path: /probe
params:
module: [http_2xx]
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: service
relabel_configs:
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_probe] action: keep
regex: true
- source_labels: [__address__] target_label: __param_target
- target_label: __address__ replacement: blackbox-exporter.example.com:9115
- source_labels: [__param_target] target_label: instance
- action: labelmap regex: __meta_kubernetes_service_label_(.+)
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace] target_label: kubernetes_namespace
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_name] target_label: kubernetes_name
# Example scrape config for probing ingresses via the Blackbox Exporter.
#
# The relabeling allows the actual ingress scrape endpoint to be configured
# via the following annotations:
#
# * `prometheus.io/probe`: Only probe services that have a value of `true`
- job_name: 'kubernetes-ingresses'
metrics_path: /probe
params:
module: [http_2xx]
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: ingress
relabel_configs:
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_ingress_annotation_prometheus_io_probe] action: keep
regex: true
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_ingress_scheme,__address__,__meta_kubernetes_ingress_path] regex: (.+);(.+);(.+)
replacement: ${1}://${2}${3}
target_label: __param_target
- target_label: __address__ replacement: blackbox-exporter.example.com:9115
- source_labels: [__param_target] target_label: instance
- action: labelmap regex: __meta_kubernetes_ingress_label_(.+)
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace] target_label: kubernetes_namespace
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_ingress_name] target_label: kubernetes_name
# Example scrape config for pods
#
# The relabeling allows the actual pod scrape endpoint to be configured via the
# following annotations:
#
# * `prometheus.io/scrape`: Only scrape pods that have a value of `true`
# * `prometheus.io/path`: If the metrics path is not `/metrics` override this.
# * `prometheus.io/port`: Scrape the pod on the indicated port instead of the
# pod's declared ports (default is a port-free target if none are declared).
- job_name: 'kubernetes-pods'
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: pod
relabel_configs:
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_scrape] action: keep
regex: true
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_path] action: replace
target_label: __metrics_path__
regex: (.+)
- source_labels: [__address__, __meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_port] action: replace
regex: ([^:]+)(?::\d+)?;(\d+)
replacement: $1:$2
target_label: __address__
- action: labelmap regex: __meta_kubernetes_pod_label_(.+)
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace] action: replace
target_label: kubernetes_namespace
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_name] action: replace
target_label: kubernetes_pod_name
---apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: prometheus-rules
namespace: ns-monitor
labels:
app: prometheus
data:
cpu-usage.rule: |
groups:
- name: NodeCPUUsage rules:
- alert: NodeCPUUsage expr: (100 - (avg by (instance) (irate(node_cpu{name="node-exporter",mode="idle"}[5m])) * 100)) > 75
for: 2m
labels:
severity: "page"
annotations:
summary: "{{$labels.instance}}: High CPU usage detected"
description: "{{$labels.instance}}: CPU usage is above 75% (current value is: {{ $value }})"
---apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
name: "prometheus-data-pv"
labels:
name: prometheus-data-pv
release: stable
spec:
capacity:
storage: 5Gi
accessModes:
- ReadWriteOnce persistentVolumeReclaimPolicy: Recycle
nfs:
path: /nfs/prometheus/data
server: 192.168.115.210
---apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:
name: prometheus-data-pvc
namespace: ns-monitor
spec:
accessModes:
- ReadWriteOnce resources:
requests:
storage: 5Gi
selector:
matchLabels:
name: prometheus-data-pv
release: stable
---kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1beta2
metadata:
labels:
app: prometheus
name: prometheus
namespace: ns-monitor
spec:
replicas: 1
revisionHistoryLimit: 10
selector:
matchLabels:
app: prometheus
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: prometheus
spec:
serviceAccountName: prometheus
securityContext:
runAsUser: 65534
fsGroup: 65534
containers:
- name: prometheus image: 192.168.101.88:5000/prom/prometheus:v2.2.1
volumeMounts:
- mountPath: /prometheus name: prometheus-data-volume
- mountPath: /etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml name: prometheus-conf-volume
subPath: prometheus.yml
- mountPath: /etc/prometheus/rules name: prometheus-rules-volume
ports:
- containerPort: 9090 protocol: TCP
volumes:
- name: prometheus-data-volume persistentVolumeClaim:
claimName: prometheus-data-pvc
- name: prometheus-conf-volume configMap:
name: prometheus-conf
- name: prometheus-rules-volume configMap:
name: prometheus-rules
tolerations:
- key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master effect: NoSchedule
---kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
annotations:
prometheus.io/scrape: 'true'
labels:
app: prometheus
name: prometheus-service
namespace: ns-monitor
spec:
ports:
- port: 9090 targetPort: 9090
selector:
app: prometheus
type: NodePort
说明： 1、在启用了RBAC的Kubernetes环境中，为Prometheus配置SA及其相关权限；
2、Prometheus默认使用本地存储，默认路径/prometheus，为其设置PVC；
3、使用CM配置Prometheus的prometheus.yml配置文件，挂载到默认路径/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml；关于/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml的配置参考：官方文档。
关于采集Kubernetes指标的配置参考：官方事例。
关于relabel_configs的配置参考：官方文档。4、以Deployment部署Prometheus实例并配置相应的SVC，使用NodePort暴露服务；
特别注意： 在挂载prometheus-data-volume的时候，默认情况下，挂载点属于root用户，其他用户没有写入的权限，而Prometheus默认的运行用户是nobody:nogroup，所以在在默认情况下直接挂载/prometheus将导致prometheus启动失败，解决办法：
serviceAccountName: prometheus
securityContext:
runAsUser: 65534
fsGroup: 65534
containers:
nobody:nogroup的UID和GID都是65534，可以通过容器内的/etc/passwd查看！
- 部署Prometheus
root@master:~/kubernetes/prometheus# kubectl apply -f prometheus.yml
root@master:~/kubernetes/prometheus# kubectl get pods -n ns-monitor -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE
node-exporter-br7wz 1/1 Running 0 6h 192.168.115.210 master
node-exporter-jzc6f 1/1 Running 0 6h 192.168.115.212 node2
node-exporter-t9s2f 1/1 Running 0 6h 192.168.115.213 node3
node-exporter-trh52 1/1 Running 0 6h 192.168.115.211 node1
prometheus-985cd7c77-766sc 1/1 Running 0 20m 10.233.71.47 node3
- 查看Prometheus的Web UI
使用浏览器访问Prometheus SVC对应的NodePort
- 查看target
- 查看service-discovery
Prometheus会根据/etc/prometheus/promethues.yml中的relabel_configs配置对指标进行处理，比如：dropped、replace等
- Prometheus自己的指标
浏览器访问/metrics
###2.4、部署grafana
- grafana.yml文件内容
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
name: "grafana-data-pv"
labels:
name: grafana-data-pv
release: stable
spec:
capacity:
storage: 5Gi
accessModes:
- ReadWriteOnce
persistentVolumeReclaimPolicy: Recycle
nfs:
path: /nfs/grafana/data
server: 192.168.115.210---
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:
name: grafana-data-pvc
namespace: ns-monitor
spec:
accessModes:
- ReadWriteOnce
resources:
requests:
storage: 5Gi
selector:
matchLabels:
name: grafana-data-pv
release: stable---
kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1beta2
metadata:
labels:
app: grafana
name: grafana
namespace: ns-monitor
spec:
replicas: 1
revisionHistoryLimit: 10
selector:
matchLabels:
app: grafana
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: grafana
spec:
containers:
- name: grafana
image: 192.168.101.88:5000/grafana/grafana:5.0.4
env:
- name: GF_AUTH_BASIC_ENABLED
value: "true"
- name: GF_AUTH_ANONYMOUS_ENABLED
value: "false"
readinessProbe:
httpGet:
path: /login
port: 3000
volumeMounts:
- mountPath: /var/lib/grafana
name: grafana-data-volume
ports:
- containerPort: 3000
protocol: TCP
volumes:
- name: grafana-data-volume
persistentVolumeClaim:
claimName: grafana-data-pvc---
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
labels:
app: grafana
name: grafana-service
namespace: ns-monitor
spec:
ports:
- port: 3000
targetPort: 3000
selector:
app: grafana
type: NodePort
说明：
1、使用NFS存储Grafana数据、启用基础权限认证、禁用匿名访问；
- 部署Grafana
root@master:~/kubernetes/prometheus# kubectl apply -f grafana.yml
root@master:~/kubernetes/prometheus# kubectl get pods -n ns-monitor -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE
grafana-55494b59d6-6k4km 1/1 Running 0 2d 10.233.71.0 node3
node-exporter-br7wz 1/1 Running 0 6h 192.168.115.210 master
node-exporter-jzc6f 1/1 Running 0 6h 192.168.115.212 node2
node-exporter-t9s2f 1/1 Running 0 6h 192.168.115.213 node3
node-exporter-trh52 1/1 Running 0 6h 192.168.115.211 node1
prometheus-985cd7c77-766sc 1/1 Running 0 20m 10.233.71.47 node3
- 配置Grafana
- 登录Grafana，因为使用NodePort暴露服务，通过SVC查看端口，默认用户admin/admin
root@master:~/kubernetes/prometheus# kubectl get svc -n ns-monitor
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
grafana-service NodePort 10.233.13.130 <none> 3000:32712/TCP 2d
node-exporter-service ClusterIP None <none> 9100/TCP 6h
prometheus-service NodePort 10.233.57.158 <none> 9090:32014/TCP 26m
登录之后，跟随Grafana的引导完成设置
- 将prometheus配置为数据源、导入Prometheus和Grafana的Dashboard
- 导入Kubernetes的Dashboard模版，下文附下载链接
- 查看Dashboard
Dashboard中的每一个Panel可以自行编辑、保存和回滚！
如果instance下拉框显示有问题，点击右上方的设置（settings）～变量（Variables），修改$instance变量的Regex值，可以直接清空；
配置数据源、导入Dashboard、安装插件等这些操作可以配置到grafana.yml文件中，但是配置过程比较麻烦，这里先提供在界面上操作的说明，后期需要再处理。
##3、参考资料
- https://prometheus.io/docs/
- http://docs.grafana.org/
- https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/tree/release-2.2/documentation/examples
- https://github.com/giantswarm/kubernetes-prometheus
- https://github.com/zalando-incubator/kubernetes-on-aws/pull/861
- http://yunlzheng.github.io/2018/01/17/prometheus-sd-and-relabel/
##4、附件下载
- Kubernetes的Grafana监控模版：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1y7HDQCPXy9LCAzA01uzIBQ
