微信公众号:运维开发故事,作者:乔克

在​​《Tekton实践篇-如何用Jenkins来管理Tekton》​​我们介绍了如何使用Jenkins来管理Tekton,这种方式是运维主动式管理,也就是需要运维去触发发布,那有没有可能让自动触发Tekton PipelineRun的运行呢?

答案是有的,也就是这篇文章分享的Tekton Trigger。

什么是Tekton Trigger?

Tekton Trigger是Tekton的一个组件,它可以从各种来源的事件中检测并提取需要信息,然后根据这些信息来运行TaskRun和PipelineRun,还可以将提取出来的信息传递给它们以满足不同的运行要求。

其核心组件如下:

  • EventListener:时间监听器,是外部事件的入口 ,通常需要通过HTTP方式暴露,以便于外部事件推送,比如配置Gitlab的Webhook。
  • Trigger:指定当EventListener检测到事件发生时会发生什么,它会定义TriggerBinding、TriggerTemplate以及可选的Interceptor。
  • TriggerTemplate:用于模板化资源,根据传入的参数实例化Tekton对象资源,比如TaskRun、PipelineRun等。
  • TriggerBinding:用于捕获事件中的字段并将其存储为参数,然后会将参数传递给TriggerTemplate。
  • ClusterTriggerBinding:和TriggerBinding相似,用于提取事件字段,不过它是集群级别的对象。
  • Interceptor:拦截器,在TriggerBinding之前运行,用于负载过滤、验证、转换等处理,只有通过拦截器的数据才会传递给TriggerBinding。

工作原理图如下:

Tekton系列之实践篇-使用Tekton Trigger让Tekton使用更简单_ciimage.png

下面会详细介绍Trigger 的CRD对象。

Trigger CRD对象

TriggerTemplate

TriggerTemplate可以模块化Tekton资源的资源,可以使传入的参数在资源模板中的任何位置被使用,它就好比我们定义了一个对象,这个对象可以接收外部的参数,在对象内部把接收到的参数再传递给Tekton资源对象进行使用。

TriggerTemplate的定义很简单,如下:

apiVersion: triggers.tekton.dev/v1beta1
kind: TriggerTemplate
metadata:
name: pipeline-template
spec:
params: # 参数的定义,从外部接收的参数
- name: gitrevision
description: The git revision
default: main
- name: gitrepositoryurl
description: The git repository url
- name: message
description: The message to print
default: This is the default message
- name: contenttype
description: The Content-Type of the event
resourcetemplates: # 资源模板,将参数传递给资源模板,实例化一个PipelineRun对象
- apiVersion: tekton.dev/v1beta1
kind: PipelineRun
metadata:
generateName: simple-pipeline-run-
spec:
pipelineRef:
name: simple-pipeline
params:
- name: message
value: $(tt.params.message)
- name: contenttype
value: $(tt.params.contenttype)
resources:
- name: git-source
resourceSpec:
type: git
params:
- name: revision
value: $(tt.params.gitrevision)
- name: url
value: $(tt.params.gitrepositoryurl)

从上面可以看出,​​resourcetemplates​​字段中就是定义的资源模板,上面定义的PipelineRun的资源,里面的语法和定义一个PipelineRun CRD一致,就像Deployment的Template中定义的Pod资源和单独定义Pod资源的语义一样。

而​​params​​​字段定义我们需要从外部获得的参数,这个参数后续会传递给​​resourcetemplates​​以完成其资源实例化。

TriggerBinding

TriggerBinding用于将事件进行绑定,通过捕获事件中的字段并将其存储为参数。

其定义方式如下:

apiVersion: triggers.tekton.dev/v1beta1
kind: TriggerBinding
metadata:
name: pipeline-binding
spec:
params:
- name: gitrevision
value: $(body.head_commit.id)
- name: gitrepositoryurl
value: $(body.repository.url)
- name: contenttype
value: $(header.Content-Type)

TriggerBinding接收从EventListener传递过来的参数,然后传给TriggerTemplate,在TriggerTemplate上实例化资源对象。

TriggerBinding提供TriggerTemplate需要的参数,参数以key-value的方式存储并传递。其中的value是通过​​$()​​​中包裹的​​JSONPath​​表达式来提取(https://tekton.dev/docs/triggers/triggerbindings/)。

Trigger

用于指定当事件发生时需要做什么,它会定义TriggerBinding、TriggerTemplate以及可选的Interceptor。

如下:

apiVersion: triggers.tekton.dev/v1beta1
kind: Trigger
metadata:
name: trigger
spec:
interceptors:
- ref:
name: "cel"
params:
- name: "filter"
value: "header.match('X-GitHub-Event', 'pull_request')"
- name: "overlays"
value:
- key: extensions.truncated_sha
expression: "body.pull_request.head.sha.truncate(7)"
bindings:
- ref: pipeline-binding
template:
ref: pipeline-template

上面定义了​​interceptors​​​、​​bindings​​​、​​template​​​,一当EventListener收到事件,就会触发这个Trigger,先经过​​interceptors​​​进行拦截筛选,然后再传给​​bindings​​​和​​template​​。

ClusterTriggerBinding

ClusterTriggerBinding和TriggerBinding功能一样,从名字就可以看到,ClusterTriggerBinding是集群级别的,可以作用于任何namespace。

其定义和TriggerBinding一样,如下:

apiVersion: triggers.tekton.dev/v1beta1
kind: ClusterTriggerBinding
metadata:
name: pipeline-clusterbinding
spec:
params:
- name: gitrevision
value: $(body.head_commit.id)
- name: gitrepositoryurl
value: $(body.repository.url)
- name: contenttype
value: $(header.Content-Type)

Interceptor

Interceptor是在TriggerBinding运行之前的事件处理器,可以做一些预处理,比如账户密码验证,再比如一些事件方式验证,如gitlab的push event。只有通过了Interceptor,才会把有效数据传递给TriggerBinding。

Tekton Trigger目前支持两种Interceptor的实现方式:

  • 独立Interceptor
  • 传统Interceptor(将被废弃)

独立Interceptor是ClusterInterceptor自定义资源的实例,可以在下面介绍的EventListener中引用这些Interceptor以及所需的参数。传统的Interceptor就是在EventListener中完全定义,不过这种方式将被废弃。

目前已经内置了以下Interceptor:

  • Webhook Interceptor
  • Github Interceptor
  • Gitlab Interceptor
  • Bitbucket Interceptor
  • CEL Interceptor

这里以Gitlab Interceptor为例。Gitlab Interceptor包括验证和过滤的逻辑,它可以验证Webhook的来源,也可以验证指定标准过滤传入的事件。如下:

interceptors:
- ref:
name: "gitlab"
params:
- name: "secretRef"
value:
secretName: foo
secretKey: bar
- name: "eventTypes"
value: ["Push Hook"]

也可以直接在EventListener中定义,如下:

apiVersion: triggers.tekton.dev/v1alpha1
kind: EventListener
metadata:
name: gitlab-listener-interceptor
spec:
serviceAccountName: tekton-triggers-example-sa
triggers:
- name: foo-trig
interceptors:
- gitlab:
secretRef:
secretName: foo
secretKey: bar
eventTypes:
- Push Hook
bindings:
- ref: pipeline-binding
template:
ref: pipeline-template

EventListener

EventListener是一个Kubernetes对象,用于监听Kubernetes上指定端口的事件,然后会接收传入的事件并指定一个或多个触发器。

EventListener实际上是Tekton的另一种客户端形式,只是它是基于HTTP事件的,通过HTTP的方式可以绕过常规的认证路径,比如kubeconfig等,我们知道,任何需要通过kube-apiserver的事件都需要认证、鉴权等一系列操作,那HTTP方式是如何实现的呢?我们在创建一个简单的nginx deployment的时候,可以看到yaml文件里会自动生成一个default的serviceaccount,这个default就是用于认证、鉴权的。所以要使用EventListener,就需要让它拥有自己的serviceaccount,并且这个serviceaccount需要Tekton资源操作的权限才能让Event正常的和Tekton进行交互。

EventListener的定义示例如下:

apiVersion: triggers.tekton.dev/v1alpha1
kind: EventListener
metadata:
name: gitlab-listener
spec:
serviceAccountName: tekton-triggers-example-sa
triggers:
- name: gitlab-push-events-trigger
interceptors:
- name: "verify-gitlab-payload"
ref:
name: "gitlab"
kind: ClusterInterceptor
params:
- name: secretRef
value:
secretName: "gitlab-secret"
secretKey: "secretToken"
- name: eventTypes
value:
- "Push Hook"
bindings:
- name: gitrevision
value: $(body.checkout_sha)
- name: gitrepositoryurl
value: $(body.repository.git_http_url)
template:
spec:
params:
- name: gitrevision
- name: gitrepositoryurl
resourcetemplates:
- apiVersion: tekton.dev/v1alpha1
kind: TaskRun
metadata:
generateName: gitlab-run-
spec:
taskSpec:
inputs:
resources:
- name: source
type: git
steps:
- image: ubuntu
script: |
#! /bin/bash
ls -al $(inputs.resources.source.path)
inputs:
resources:
- name: source
resourceSpec:
type: git
params:
- name: revision
value: $(tt.params.gitrevision)
- name: url
value: $(tt.params.gitrepositoryurl)

Trigger安装

上面简单介绍了一下Trigger的常用功能,更多的可以到官方文档(https://tekton.dev/docs/triggers/)进行学习。

下面我们将正式的把之前的Pipeline流程接入Trigger,实现开发人员推送代码,通过Webhook自动触发对应的PipelineRun。

首先我们需要安装Trigger(https://tekton.dev/docs/triggers/install/)。

安装的时候选择对应的版本安装,如果Kubernetes集群版本太低,会导致安装失败。

kubectl apply --filename https://storage.googleapis.com/tekton-releases/triggers/latest/release.yaml
kubectl apply --filename https://storage.googleapis.com/tekton-releases/triggers/latest/interceptors.yaml

不过由于网络原因,直接按着官方文档进行安装是下载不了,我将自己用到的上传到了仓库(https://gitee.com/coolops/tekton-install/tree/master/trigger),有需要的自己去下载。

安装完成后,可以看到如下Pod。

# kubectl get po -n tekton-pipelines 
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
tekton-dashboard-565c78b68d-6fjdz 1/1 Running 12 32d
tekton-pipelines-controller-75c456df85-qxvq2 1/1 Running 5 32d
tekton-pipelines-webhook-5bc8d6b7c4-w6pdn 1/1 Running 5 32d
tekton-triggers-controller-686c6c8f79-fp7wd 1/1 Running 0 9m37s
tekton-triggers-core-interceptors-5d77595f79-8q9hb 1/1 Running 0 10s
tekton-triggers-webhook-76c55d6799-h997b 1/1 Running 0 9m36s

使用Tekton Trigger

上面已经安装好了Tekton Trigger,下面我们将正式接入Tekton Trigger实现自动持续部署。

定义Trigger Template

回看《Tekton系列之实践篇-由Jenkins改成Tekton》中的PipelineRun的YAML文件,可以看到有参数revision、git_url、imageUrl、imageTag、namespace等,所以在定义Trigger Template的时候需要这些参数传递进去。

apiVersion: triggers.tekton.dev/v1beta1 
kind: TriggerTemplate
metadata:
name: trigger-rd-pipeline-template
spec:
params:
- name: gitrevision
description: The git revision
default: master
- name: gitrepositoryurl
description: The git repository url
- name: namespace
description: The namespace to create the resources
default: tekton-devops-pipeline
- name: projectname
description: The project name
- name: imagetag
description: The image tag
default: latest
resourcetemplates:
- apiVersion: tekton.dev/v1alpha1
kind: PipelineRun
metadata:
name: rd-pipeline-run-$(uid)
namespace: $(tt.params.namespace)
spec:
serviceAccountName: tekton-build-sa
params:
- name: revision
value: $(tt.params.gitrevision)
- name: git_url
value: $(tt.params.gitrepositoryurl)
- name: imageUrl
value: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/coolops/$(tt.params.projectname)
- name: imageTag
value: latest
- name: pathToDockerfile
value: Dockerfile
- name: chart_username
value: xxx
- name: chart_password
value: xxx
- name: app_name
value: hello-world
- name: namespace
value: default
- name: sonar_username
value: xxxx
- name: sonar_password
value: xxxx
- name: sonar_url
value: http://sonarqube.coolops.cn
pipelineRef:
name: rd-pipeline
workspaces:
- name: rd-repo-pvc
volumeClaimTemplate:
spec:
accessModes:
- ReadWriteOnce
storageClassName: local
resources:
requests:
storage: 1Gi
- name: docker-config
secret:
secretName: docker-config
- name: kubernetes-config
secret:
secretName: kubernetes-config

定义Trigger Binding

Trigger Template的入参都可以通过PushEvent中获取,PushEvent里的数据需要通过Trigger Binding来绑定。

apiVersion: triggers.tekton.dev/v1beta1
kind: TriggerBinding
metadata:
name: trigger-rd-pipeline-bingding
namespace: tekton-devops-pipeline
spec:
params:
- name: gitrevision
value: $(body.ref)
- name: namespace
value: tekton-devops-pipeline
- name: gitrepositoryurl
value: $(body.project.git_http_url)
- name: projectname
value: $(body.project.name)

定义EventListener

上面创建好Trigger Template和Trigger Binding,接下来就是创建EventListener,把Template和Binding关联起来。

apiVersion: triggers.tekton.dev/v1beta1
kind: EventListener
metadata:
name: trigger-rd-pipeline-eventlistener
spec:
serviceAccountName: tekton-triggers-gitlab-sa
triggers:
- bindings:
- ref: trigger-rd-pipeline-bingding
template:
ref: trigger-rd-pipeline-template

这里的​​tekton-triggers-gitlab-sa​​是需要我们创建的,如下:

apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: tekton-triggers-gitlab-sa
secrets:
- name: gitlab-secret
- name: gitlab-auth
---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
name: tekton-triggers-gitlab-minimal
rules:
# Permissions for every EventListener deployment to function
- apiGroups: ["triggers.tekton.dev"]
resources: ["eventlisteners", "triggerbindings", "triggertemplates","clustertriggerbindings", "clusterinterceptors","triggers"]
verbs: ["get","list","watch"]
- apiGroups: [""]
# secrets are only needed for Github/Gitlab interceptors, serviceaccounts only for per trigger authorization
resources: ["configmaps", "secrets", "serviceaccounts"]
verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
# Permissions to create resources in associated TriggerTemplates
- apiGroups: ["tekton.dev"]
resources: ["pipelineruns", "pipelineresources", "taskruns"]
verbs: ["create"]
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
name: tekton-triggers-gitlab-binding
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: tekton-triggers-gitlab-sa
namespace: tekton-devops-pipeline
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: tekton-triggers-gitlab-minimal

现在需要新增一个Gitlab的Webhook的Secret Token,如下:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
name: gitlab-secret
type: Opaque
stringData:
secretToken: "coolops"

当创建完EventListener过后,会在当前namespace下生成一个service和deployment,如下:

# kubectl get all | grep event
pod/el-trigger-rd-pipeline-eventlistener-674768c8d5-p8z66 2/2 Running 2 128m
service/el-trigger-rd-pipeline-eventlistener ClusterIP 10.98.84.33 <none> 8080/TCP 128m
deployment.apps/el-trigger-rd-pipeline-eventlistener 1/1 1 1 128m
replicaset.apps/el-trigger-rd-pipeline-eventlistener-674768c8d5 1 1 1 128m

我们需要把这个service暴露出去,创建Ingress如下:

apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
name: el-trigger-test-eventlistener
spec:
rules:
- host: hello-word.webhook.coolops.cn
http:
paths:
- backend:
serviceName: el-trigger-rd-pipeline-eventlistener
servicePort: 8080

创建Webhook

上面已经把EventListener暴露出来了,下面就在代码仓库中创建Webhook。

由于我的代码放在私有Gitlab中的,配置如下(由于内网,就直接使用了NodePort暴露EventListener):Tekton系列之实践篇-使用Tekton Trigger让Tekton使用更简单_git_02

然后可以测试一下,并查看更多的信息。Tekton系列之实践篇-使用Tekton Trigger让Tekton使用更简单_ci_03

需要的信息都是从Request中获取,如下:

{
"object_kind": "push",
"event_name": "push",
"before": "77e1901516fc2ee1a47b03bb4bfc63ca02e6b23d",
"after": "ac84d875c6094b5feebd477809a2021fd745c9df",
"ref": "refs/heads/master",
"checkout_sha": "ac84d875c6094b5feebd477809a2021fd745c9df",
"message": null,
"user_id": 1,
"user_name": "Administrator",
"user_username": "root",
"user_email": "",
"user_avatar": "https://www.gravatar.com/avatar/e64c7d89f26bd1972efa854d13d7dd61?s=80&d=identicon",
"project_id": 2,
"project": {
"id": 2,
"name": "Devops Hello World",
"description": "",
"web_url": "http://192.168.205.128/root/devops-hello-world",
"avatar_url": null,
"git_ssh_url": "git@192.168.205.128:root/devops-hello-world.git",
"git_http_url": "http://192.168.205.128/root/devops-hello-world.git",
"namespace": "Administrator",
"visibility_level": 0,
"path_with_namespace": "root/devops-hello-world",
"default_branch": "master",
"ci_config_path": null,
"homepage": "http://192.168.205.128/root/devops-hello-world",
"url": "git@192.168.205.128:root/devops-hello-world.git",
"ssh_url": "git@192.168.205.128:root/devops-hello-world.git",
"http_url": "http://192.168.205.128/root/devops-hello-world.git"
},
"commits": [
{
"id": "ac84d875c6094b5feebd477809a2021fd745c9df",
"message": "ceshi ",
"title": "ceshi ",
"timestamp": "2022-03-30T08:54:11+00:00",
"url": "http://192.168.205.128/root/devops-hello-world/-/commit/ac84d875c6094b5feebd477809a2021fd745c9df",
"author": {
"name": "coolops",
"email": "baidjay@163.com"
},
"added": [

],
"modified": [
"Jenkinsfile"
],
"removed": [

]
},
{
"id": "cc36ed8cf920d9a3470fda6a28576ba7d29f9c04",
"message": "ceshi ",
"title": "ceshi ",
"timestamp": "2022-03-30T08:52:13+00:00",
"url": "http://192.168.205.128/root/devops-hello-world/-/commit/cc36ed8cf920d9a3470fda6a28576ba7d29f9c04",
"author": {
"name": "coolops",
"email": "baidjay@163.com"
},
"added": [

],
"modified": [
"Jenkinsfile"
],
"removed": [

]
},
{
"id": "77e1901516fc2ee1a47b03bb4bfc63ca02e6b23d",
"message": "多分支发布",
"title": "多分支发布",
"timestamp": "2022-03-30T08:45:11+00:00",
"url": "http://192.168.205.128/root/devops-hello-world/-/commit/77e1901516fc2ee1a47b03bb4bfc63ca02e6b23d",
"author": {
"name": "coolops",
"email": "baidjay@163.com"
},
"added": [

],
"modified": [
"Jenkinsfile"
],
"removed": [

]
}
],
"total_commits_count": 3,
"push_options": {
},
"repository": {
"name": "Devops Hello World",
"url": "git@192.168.205.128:root/devops-hello-world.git",
"description": "",
"homepage": "http://192.168.205.128/root/devops-hello-world",
"git_http_url": "http://192.168.205.128/root/devops-hello-world.git",
"git_ssh_url": "git@192.168.205.128:root/devops-hello-world.git",
"visibility_level": 0
}
}

需要什么就从Request中取什么。这样就可以通过WebHook触发一条Tekton流水线。

可以看到流水线正常运行了。Tekton系列之实践篇-使用Tekton Trigger让Tekton使用更简单_ci_04

到目前为止,就可以实现代码提交到Gitlab,然后通过Webhook自动触发Tekton Pipeline了。



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