新概念2册L23笔记（复习L12-L21,there be句型）

L23 A new house

复习提纲

L12一般将来时will +do，I/we+shall   

L13将来进行时will be doing + 常常搭配将来时刻/将来时段
  一般将来时vs将来进行时
  将来进行时比一般将来时更加确定性，能更好的体现出将来计划、意图确定性的事物

L14过去完成时had done +did,突出过去两个动作的先后，也可以用after/before/as soon as

L15直接引语变间接引语  say sth / tell sb sth
  间接引语：间接转述别人的话，本质上就是宾语从句，变化人称、时态
  雪莉说她有个激动人心的消息
  Shirley said that she had exciting news  
    直接变间接1、连词that+陈述句 2、人称（逻辑转化） 3、时态（保持一致），从句部分客观事实保持一般现在
    
L16条件状语从句，连词if/unless/as long as，时态主将从现，if为从句（条件状语从句）

L17情态助动词must,本身意、推测意
    must和have to的区别
    在主观意愿上must（只能表示主观）；have to（可以表示主观或客观，更倾向于客观）
    在客观意愿上，只能使用have to  
      We have to join the military service #我们必须去参加兵役（某些国家的兵役式强制的，属于客观事实，即使主观上不愿意）
    must没有人称变化，have/has to有人称变化
  
  现在:must主观；have/has to 主观/客观      
    we must do it again       
 
  将来:must + 将来时间；will have to
    we'll have to do it again
  
  过去：had to 
    we had to do it agin    
    1、大多情况下形式：主语+must+v.ed  #无人称变化，接动词原形
    2、过去时must改为had to，形式：主语+had to+v.ed

L18万能动词have
   have 
    1、实义动词：有/生病/必须/万能
      I had a very good seat #有、持有、占有
      He has a bad cold      #患病、得病、染病
      She will have to take part in a new paly  #必须
      
      I am having breakfast  #吃（万能动词）
        He is having a bath  #万能动词：洗澡
        He had a haircut     #万能动词：剪
        They had a party     #万能动词：举办
        They are having a lesson #万能动词:上
    2、助动词：常常用于完成时态/have got
      Have you got any money?   #have = have got;have got可以替换有/生病/必须、不能替换万能动词
      
    3、一般疑问句案例：
      
      #答案Did you have,此处had为实义动词，对其提问借助助动词did，后面使用had的原形have
      ？？？ a good time in Thailand  last week?Yes, we had a good time in Thailand  last week.
      
      #答案Does Frank have,此处has为实义动词，对其提问借助助动词does，后面使用had的原形have
      ？？？ a shower every morning?
      
      #答案Has Jane got,此处has为现在完成时have/has done的助动词，提问时直接将助动词has提前
      ？？？ a bad cold?Yes, Jane has got a bad cold.
      
      #答案Had he finished，此处had为过去完成时had don的助动词，提问时直接将助动词had提前
      ？？？ his homework by the time you got there?Yes，he had finished his homework by the time I got there.

L19情态动词may
  may表许可/可以；can许可/能

  请求:直白-委婉can/could/may/might  #情态动词非过去式

  肯定推测
    有把握的时候
      现在推测must do         
      过去推测must have done 

    没把握的时候
      现在推测may do          
      过去推测may have done

  否定推测can't（情态动词的not形式不能表达推测，因此需要借助can't）
      现在否定推测can't do
      过去否定推测can't have done
      
L20动名词
  将动词变成名词 v. +ing = n.，用以名词所不能表达的较为复杂的意念；用于介词后精简语句（前提同一人或主体发出多个动作）
  Reading makes me happy #动名词不再是谓语，而是主语，去描述读书使我快乐
  Happiness is bringing over a hot meal when you're sick in be #动名词在主系表结构中，当表语

L21情态动词的被动语态
复习情态动词现在/将来/过去的形式
  
  现在:must主观；have/has to 主观/客观      
    we must do it again       
 
  将来:must + 将来时间；will have to
    we'll have to do it again
  
  过去：had to 
    we had to do it agin    
    1、大多情况下形式：主语+must+v.ed  #无人称变化，接动词原形
    2、过去时must改为had to，形式：主语+had to+v.ed
  
  结合上面内容用情态动词被动态造句
  can/must/have(has) to be done
    your watch can be repaired
    your watch could be repaired
    your watch must have been repaired

there be句型

There be 句型中动词be可以有现在时、过去时、将来时和完成时

1、Where ______ a will, there is a way. #答案选there is

#There be句型后面跟的主语是由and连接的两个或两个以上的名词，be的形式要遵循就近原则，即be的形式是由跟它最靠近的名词来决定的
2、There ______ a teacher and six students in a team   #答案选is