实验环境

· 两个CentOS7.X的虚拟机 · MySQL-5.7.30 · 192.168.56.131 mysql-master 3306 主 · 192.168.56.132 mysql-slave 3307 从 关闭selinux

sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config

开启端口

firewall-cmd --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent 主 firewall-cmd --add-port=3307/tcp --permanent 从 firewall-cmd --reload #加载 firewall-cmd --list-all #查看开放端口

一、主从节点安装mysql

下载二进制部署包

wget -O /usr/local/src/mysql-5.7.30-el7-x86_64.tar.gz https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-5.7.30-el7-x86_64.tar.gz

安装配置

1、安装到/usr/local/mysql

[root@mysql-master src]# tar -xzf mysql-5.7.30-el7-x86_64.tar.gz  -C /usr/local/
[root@mysql-master ~]# cd /usr/local
[root@mysql-master local]# mv mysql-5.7.30-el7-x86_64/  mysql
[root@mysql-master local]# cd mysql/
[root@mysql-master mysql]# ls
bin  docs  include  lib  LICENSE  man  README  share  support-files

2、编辑配置文件/usr/local/mysql/my.cnf

vim  my.cnf

[client]
port=3306
socket=/usr/local/mysql/run/mysql.sock

[mysql]
pid_file=/usr/local/mysql/run/mysqld.pid

[mysqld]
autocommit=1
general_log=off
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp=true
character-set-server=utf8
collation-server=utf8_general_ci

# system
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
max_allowed_packet=1g
max_connections=3000
max_user_connections=2800
open_files_limit=65535
pid_file=/usr/local/mysql/run/mysqld.pid
port=3306
server_id=1
skip_name_resolve=ON
socket=/usr/local/mysql/run/mysql.sock
tmpdir=/usr/local/mysql/tmp
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION

#binlog
log_bin=/usr/local/mysql/log/binlog/
binlog_cache_size=32768
binlog_format=row
expire_logs_days=7
log_slave_updates=ON
max_binlog_cache_size=2147483648
max_binlog_size=524288000
sync_binlog=100

#logging
log_error=/usr/local/mysql/log/error.log
slow_query_log_file=/usr/local/mysql/log/slow.log
log_queries_not_using_indexes=0
slow_query_log=1
log_slave_updates=ON
log_slow_admin_statements=1
long_query_time=2


#innodb
innodb_data_home_dir=/usr/local/mysql/log/iblog
innodb_log_group_home_dir=/usr/local/mysql/log/iblog
innodb_adaptive_flushing=ON
innodb_adaptive_hash_index=ON
innodb_autoinc_lock_mode=1
innodb_buffer_pool_instances=8

#default
innodb_change_buffering=inserts
innodb_checksums=ON
innodb_buffer_pool_size= 128M
innodb_data_file_path=ibdata1:32M;ibdata2:16M:autoextend
innodb_doublewrite=ON
innodb_file_format=Barracuda
innodb_file_per_table=ON
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1
innodb_flush_method=O_DIRECT
innodb_io_capacity=1000
innodb_lock_wait_timeout=10
innodb_log_buffer_size=67108864
innodb_log_file_size=1048576000
innodb_log_files_in_group=4
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct=60
innodb_open_files=60000
innodb_purge_threads=1
innodb_read_io_threads=4
innodb_stats_on_metadata=OFF
innodb_support_xa=ON
innodb_use_native_aio=OFF
innodb_write_io_threads=10

[mysqld_safe]
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

3、创建目录

mkdir -p ./{data,log/{binlog,iblog},tmp,run}

4、创建用户和用户组

[root@mysql-master mysql]# groupadd mysql
[root@mysql-master mysql]# useradd -r -g mysql -s /sbin/nologin

5、将mysql目录属主和属组都修改为mysql

[root@mysql-master local]# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/

6、初始化数据库

[root@mysql-master bin]# ./mysqld --defaults-file=/usr/local/mysql/my.cnf --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql

启动

[root@mysql-master bin]# ./mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/usr/local/mysql/my.cnf --skip-grant-tables --skip-networking &     # 跳过密码验证登录
[root@mysql-master bin]# ./mysql -S /usr/local/mysql/run/mysql.sock        # 登录
mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'Daemon@123';        # 修改密码
mysql> exit 
[root@mysql-master bin]# ./mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/usr/local/mysql/my.cnf --user=mysql &      # 启动mysql
[root@mysql-master bin]# ./mysql -S /usr/local/mysql/run/mysql.sock -uroot -p'Daemon@123'          # 登录
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> exit 7、关闭mysql命令

[root@mysql-master bin]# ./mysqladmin -uroot -p'Daemon@123' -S /usr/local/mysql/run/mysql.sock shutdown &

8、测试,用navicat连接数据库 image.png 这里的解决方案是修改 user 表中的Host为 %

mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;   #查看
+---------------+-----------+
| user          | host      |
+---------------+-----------+
| mysql.session | localhost |
| mysql.sys     | localhost |
| root          | localhost |
+---------------+-----------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> update mysql.user set host='%' where user='root';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0
mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;
+---------------+-----------+
| user          | host      |
+---------------+-----------+
| root          | %         |
| mysql.session | localhost |
| mysql.sys     | localhost |
+---------------+-----------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

image.png

二、配置主从

主从复制原则

1、每个slave只有一个master 2、每个slave只有一个服务id 3、一个master可以有多个slave

添加配置

1、修改master配置

[mysqld]
server-id=1
log-bin=mysql-bin
read-only=0    #可读可写	
#需要同步的库
#binlog-do-db=water_data
#忽略的数据库
replicate-ignore-db=mysql
replicate-ignore-db=sys
replicate-ignore-db=information_schema
replicate-ignore-db=performance_schema

2、修改slave配置

[mysqld]
server-id=2
log-bin=mysql-relay
read-only=1    #可读可写	
#需要同步的库
#binlog-do-db=water_data
#忽略的数据库
replicate-ignore-db=mysql
replicate-ignore-db=sys
replicate-ignore-db=information_schema
replicate-ignore-db=performance_schema

登录主库

1、在主库上创建用来连接的用户

mysql> create user 'tom'@'%' identified by 'tom123';

2、授权

mysql> grant replication slave on  *.* to tom@'%' identified by 'tom123';	
mysql> flush privileges;   #刷新权限

3、查看授权信息

mysql> show master status;
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File          | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| binlog.000005 |      821 |              |                  |                   |
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
这里要记住"File"和"Position"的值,在从库上要用

登录从库

1、添加主库设置的用户信息

mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.56.131',master_port=3306,master_user='tom',master_password='tom123',master_log_file='binlog.000005',master_log_pos=821; 
    -> master_host='192.168.56.131',
    -> master_port=3306,
    -> master_user='tom',
    -> master_password='tom123',
    -> master_log_file='binlog.000005',  #开始复制的二进制文件名(从主库查询结果中获取)
    -> master_log_pos=821;     #开始复制的二进制文件位置(从主库查询结果中获取)
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.01 sec)

2、启动从库,验证是否启动正确

mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                  Master_Host: 192.168.56.131
                  Master_User: tom
                  Master_Port: 3306
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: binlog.000010
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 154
               Relay_Log_File: mysql-slave-relay-bin.000011
                Relay_Log_Pos: 317
        Relay_Master_Log_File: binlog.000010
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
              Replicate_Do_DB: 
          Replicate_Ignore_DB: 
           Replicate_Do_Table: 
       Replicate_Ignore_Table: 
      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: 
  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: 
                   Last_Errno: 0
                   Last_Error: 
                 Skip_Counter: 0
          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 154
              Relay_Log_Space: 737
              Until_Condition: None
               Until_Log_File: 
                Until_Log_Pos: 0
           Master_SSL_Allowed: No
           Master_SSL_CA_File: 
           Master_SSL_CA_Path: 
              Master_SSL_Cert: 
            Master_SSL_Cipher: 
               Master_SSL_Key: 
        Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
                Last_IO_Errno: 0
                Last_IO_Error: 
               Last_SQL_Errno: 0
               Last_SQL_Error: 
  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: 
             Master_Server_Id: 1
                  Master_UUID: 8ef5f1fc-9d1d-11ec-9412-000c29d4c362
             Master_Info_File: /usr/local/mysql/data/master.info
                    SQL_Delay: 0
          SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
      Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
           Master_Retry_Count: 86400
                  Master_Bind: 
      Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: 
     Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: 
               Master_SSL_Crl: 
           Master_SSL_Crlpath: 
           Retrieved_Gtid_Set: 
            Executed_Gtid_Set: 
                Auto_Position: 0
         Replicate_Rewrite_DB: 
                 Channel_Name: 
           Master_TLS_Version: 
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

如图,必须 Slave_IO_Running 和 Slave_SQL_Running 都为 Yes 才可以

如果为No解决办法

  • IO为No 1、检查下主从的服务id,如果一致,需要修改为不同的id 2、检查主库用户的权限, mysql> grant replication slave on . to tom@'%' identified by 'tom123'; mysql> flush privileges; #刷新权限 然后在从库上重新stop slave和start slave
  • SQL为No
mysql> stop slave;
mysql> set global sql_slave_skip_counter=1;   #跳过错误步骤,后面步数可变
mysql> start slave;
mysql> show slave status\G

image.png 主从配置成功 3、mysql清除主从配置信息

reset master; reset slave all;

三、测试

1、在master上创建库和表,并插入数据

mysql> create table tab1(id int auto_increment,name varchar(10),primary key(id));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> desc tab1;        #显示表结构
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id    | int(11)     | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| name  | varchar(10) | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
2 rows in set (0.07 sec)

mysql> insert into tab1 values(1,'zhangsan'),(2,'lisi');     #插入数据
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 2  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from tab1;  #查看表内容数据
+----+----------+
| id | name     |
+----+----------+
|  1 | zhangsan |
|  2 | lisi     |
+----+----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

2、在从库上查看生成同步信息

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| pet                |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select *  from pet.tab1;
+----+----------+
| id | name     |
+----+----------+
|  1 | zhangsan |
|  2 | lisi     |
+----+----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)