nginx搭建web服务器

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yeli4017 2009-07-08 10:39:05

文章标签 职场休闲 nginx nginx+linux+php+mysq 文章分类 服务器

用yum安装rpm包
yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ autoconf libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel curl curl-devel e2fsprogs e2fsprogs-devel krb5 krb5-devel libidn libidn-devel openssl openssl-devel openldap openldap-devel nss_ldap openldap-clients openldap-servers ntp vim-enhanced gcc-g77 flex bison autoconf automake libtiff-devel pam-devel kernel

①、从软件的官方网站下载：

cd /home/down

wget http://sysoev.ru/nginx/nginx-0.7.61.tar.gz

wget http://www.php.net/get/php-5.2.10.tar.gz/from/this/mirror

wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/phpfpm/php-5.2.10-fpm-0.5.11.diff.gz

wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.1/mysql-5.1.35.tar.gz/from/http://mysql.he.net/

wget http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/libiconv/libiconv-1.13.tar.gz

wget "http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz?modtime=1171868460&big_mirror=0"

wget "http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mcrypt/mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz?modtime=1194463373&big_mirror=0"

wget http://pecl.php.net/get/memcache-2.2.5.tgz

wget "http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mhash/mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz?modtime=1175740843&big_mirror=0"

wget ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-7.9.tar.gz

wget http://bart.eaccelerator.net/source/0.9.5.3/eaccelerator-0.9.5.3.tar.bz2

wget http://pecl.php.net/get/PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz

wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/imagick/ImageMagick.tar.gz

wget http://pecl.php.net/get/imagick-2.2.2.tgz

二、安装PHP 5.2.10（FastCGI模式）

1、编译安装PHP 5.2.10所需的支持库：

tar zxvf libiconv-1.13.tar.gz
cd libiconv-1.13/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local
Make
make install

tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/
./configure
Make
make install
/sbin/ldconfig
cd libltdl/
./configure --enable-ltdl-install
make
make install

tar zxvf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz
cd mhash-0.9.9.9/
./configure
make
make install

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib/libmcrypt.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib/libmhash.a
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib/libmhash.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib/libmhash.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1

tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz
cd mcrypt-2.6.8/
/sbin/ldconfig
./configure
make
make install

2、编译安装MySQL 5.1.35
Useradd mysql
tar zxvf mysql-5.1.35.tar.gz
cd mysql-5.1.35/

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql --with-unix-socket-path=/tmp/mysql.sock --localstatedir=/data/database --with-mysqld-user=mysql --enable-assembler --with-extra-charsets=complex --enable-thread-safe-client --with-big-tables --with-readline --with-ssl --with-embedded-server --enable-local-infile --with-plugins=innobase

Make
make install
chmod +w /usr/local/mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql
cd /usr/local/mysql
bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql （初始化数据库）
chown -R mysql.mysql /data/database
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe=mysql& (启动数据库)

执行/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql测试

启动脚本
/etc/rc.local文件内添加下面的行
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_safe --user=mysql&
mysql启动与停止脚本
cp support-files/my-medium.cof /etc/my.cof
cd /etc/rc.d/init.d
cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql
chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysql
chkconfig --add mysql

3、编译安装PHP（FastCGI模式）

tar zxvf php-5.2.10.tar.gz
gzip -cd php-5.2.10-fpm-0.5.11.diff.gz | patch -d php-5.2.10 -p1
cd php-5.2.10/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-iconv-dir=/usr/local --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml --disable-rpath --enable-discard-path --enable-safe-mode --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization --with-curl --with-curlwrappers --enable-mbregex --enable-fastcgi --enable-fpm --enable-force-cgi-redirect --enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt --with-gd --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-openssl --with-mhash --enable-pcntl --enable-sockets --with-ldap --with-ldap-sasl --with-xmlrpc --enable-zip --enable-soap --without-pear
make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS='-liconv'
make install
cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini

4、编译安装PHP5扩展模块

tar zxvf memcache-2.2.5.tgz
cd memcache-2.2.5/
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config
make
make install

tar jxvf eaccelerator-0.9.5.3.tar.bz2
cd eaccelerator-0.9.5.3/
./configure --enable-eaccelerator=shared --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config
make
make install

tar zxvf PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
cd PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2/
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/mysql
make
make install

tar zxvf ImageMagick.tar.gz
cd ImageMagick-6.5.1-2/
./configure
make
make install

tar zxvf imagick-2.2.2.tgz
cd imagick-2.2.2/
/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config
make
make install

5、修改php.ini文件

手工修改：查找/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini中的extension_dir = "./"
修改为extension_dir = "/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"
并在此行后增加以下几行，然后保存：
extension = "memcache.so"
extension = "pdo_mysql.so"
extension = "imagick.so"
再查找output_buffering = Off
修改为output_buffering = On

6、配置eAccelerator加速PHP：
mkdir -p /usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache
vi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
按shift+g键跳到配置文件的最末尾，加上以下配置信息：
引用
[eaccelerator]
zend_extension="/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/eaccelerator.so"
eaccelerator.shm_size="64"
eaccelerator.cache_dir="/usr/local/eaccelerator_cache"
eaccelerator.enable="1"
eaccelerator.optimizer="1"
eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"
eaccelerator.debug="0"
eaccelerator.filter=""
eaccelerator.shm_max="0"
eaccelerator.shm_ttl="3600"
eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="3600"
eaccelerator.shm_only="0"
eaccelerator.compress="1"
eaccelerator.compress_level="9"

7、创建www用户和组，以及供虚拟主机使用的目录：
useradd www
mkdir -p /data/webroot
chmod +w /data/webroot
chown -R www:www /data/webroot
8、创建php-fpm配置文件（php-fpm是为PHP打的一个FastCGI管理补丁，可以平滑变更php.ini配置而无需重启php-cgi）：
在/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/目录中创建php-fpm.conf文件：
rm -f /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
vi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
输入以下内容（如果您安装 Nginx + PHP 用于程序调试，请将以下的<value name="display_errors">0</value>改为<value name="display_errors">1</value>，以便显示PHP错误信息，否则，Nginx 会报状态为500的空白错误页）：

<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<configuration>
All relative paths in this config are relative to php's install prefix
<section name="global_options">
Pid file
<value name="pid_file">/usr/local/php/logs/php-fpm.pid</value>
Error log file
<value name="error_log">/usr/local/php/logs/php-fpm.log</value>
Log level
<value name="log_level">notice</value>
When this amount of php processes exited with SIGSEGV or SIGBUS ...
<value name="emergency_restart_threshold">10</value>
... in a less than this interval of time, a graceful restart will be initiated.
Useful to work around accidental curruptions in accelerator's shared memory.
<value name="emergency_restart_interval">1m</value>
Time limit on waiting child's reaction on signals from master
<value name="process_control_timeout">5s</value>
Set to 'no' to debug fpm
<value name="daemonize">yes</value>
</section>
<workers>
<section name="pool">
Name of pool. Used in logs and stats.
<value name="name">default</value>
Address to accept fastcgi requests on.
Valid syntax is 'ip.ad.re.ss:port' or just 'port' or '/path/to/unix/socket'
<value name="listen_address">127.0.0.1:9000</value>
<value name="listen_options">
Set listen(2) backlog
<value name="backlog">-1</value>
Set permissions for unix socket, if one used.
In Linux read/write permissions must be set in order to allow connections from web server.
Many BSD-derrived systems allow connections regardless of permissions.
<value name="owner"></value>
<value name="group"></value>
<value name="mode">0666</value>
</value>
Additional php.ini defines, specific to this pool of workers.
<value name="php_defines">
<value name="sendmail_path">/usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i</value>
<value name="display_errors">1</value>
</value>
Unix user of processes
<value name="user">www</value>
Unix group of processes
<value name="group">www</value>
Process manager settings
<value name="pm">
Sets style of controling worker process count.
Valid values are 'static' and 'apache-like'
<value name="style">static</value>
Sets the limit on the number of simultaneous requests that will be served.
Equivalent to Apache MaxClients directive.
Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN environment in original php.fcgi
Used with any pm_style.
<value name="max_children">128</value>
Settings group for 'apache-like' pm style
<value name="apache_like">
Sets the number of server processes created on startup.
Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
<value name="StartServers">20</value>
Sets the desired minimum number of idle server processes.
Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
<value name="MinSpareServers">5</value>
Sets the desired maximum number of idle server processes.
Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
<value name="MaxSpareServers">35</value>
</value>
</value>
The timeout (in seconds) for serving a single request after which the worker process will be terminated
Should be used when 'max_execution_time' ini option does not stop script execution for some reason
'0s' means 'off'
<value name="request_terminate_timeout">0s</value>
The timeout (in seconds) for serving of single request after which a php backtrace will be dumped to slow.log file
'0s' means 'off'
<value name="request_slowlog_timeout">0s</value>
The log file for slow requests
<value name="slowlog">logs/slow.log</value>
Set open file desc rlimit
<value name="rlimit_files">51200</value>
Set max core size rlimit
<value name="rlimit_core">0</value>
Chroot to this directory at the start, absolute path
<value name="chroot"></value>
Chdir to this directory at the start, absolute path
<value name="chdir"></value>
Redirect workers' stdout and stderr into main error log.
If not set, they will be redirected to /dev/null, according to FastCGI specs
<value name="catch_workers_output">yes</value>
How much requests each process should execute before respawn.
Useful to work around memory leaks in 3rd party libraries.
For endless request processing please specify 0
Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS
<value name="max_requests">102400</value>
Comma separated list of ipv4 addresses of FastCGI clients that allowed to connect.
Equivalent to FCGI_WEB_SERVER_ADDRS environment in original php.fcgi (5.2.2+)
Makes sense only with AF_INET listening socket.
<value name="allowed_clients">127.0.0.1</value>
Pass environment variables like LD_LIBRARY_PATH
All $VARIABLEs are taken from current environment
<value name="environment">
<value name="HOSTNAME">$HOSTNAME</value>
<value name="PATH">/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin</value>
<value name="TMP">/tmp</value>
<value name="TMPDIR">/tmp</value>
<value name="TEMP">/tmp</value>
<value name="OSTYPE">$OSTYPE</value>
<value name="MACHTYPE">$MACHTYPE</value>
<value name="MALLOC_CHECK_">2</value>
</value>
</section>
</workers>
</configuration>

9、启动php-cgi进程，监听127.0.0.1的9000端口，进程数为200（如果服务器内存小于3GB，可以只开启64个进程），用户为www：

ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm start

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　　三、安装Nginx 0.7.61
　　1、安装Nginx所需的pcre库：

tar zxvf pcre-7.9.tar.gz
cd pcre-7.9/
./configure
make && make install
cd ../

　　2、安装Nginx

tar zxvf nginx-0.7.61.tar.gz
cd nginx-0.7.61/
./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module
make && make install
cd ../

　　3、创建Nginx日志目录

mkdir -p /data/logs
chmod +w /data/logs
chown -R www:www /data/logs

　　4、创建Nginx配置文件
　　①、在/usr/local/nginx/conf/目录中创建nginx.conf文件：

rm -f /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

　　输入以下内容：

引用
user www www;

worker_processes 8;

error_log /data/logs/nginx_error.log crit;

pid /usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid;

#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.
worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;

events
{
use epoll;
worker_connections 51200;
}

http
{
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;

#charset gb2312;

server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
client_header_buffer_size 32k;
large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
client_max_body_size 8m;

sendfile on;
tcp_nopush     on;

keepalive_timeout 60;

tcp_nodelay on;

fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;
fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;
fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;

gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers 4 16k;
gzip_http_version 1.0;
gzip_comp_level 2;
gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
gzip_vary on;

#limit_zone crawler $binary_remote_addr 10m;

server
{
    listen       80;
    server_name blog.baidu.com;
    index index.html index.htm index.php;
    root /data/webroot/blog;

    #limit_conn   crawler 20;

    location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$
    {
      #fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
      fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
      fastcgi_index index.php;
      include fcgi.conf;
    }

    location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$
    {
      expires      30d;
    }

    location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$
    {
      expires      1h;
    }

    log_format access '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
              '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
              '"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';
    access_log /data/logs/access.log access;
      }

server
{
    listen       80;
    server_name www.baidu.com;
    index index.html index.htm index.php;
    root /data/webroot/www;

    location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$
    {
      #fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
      fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
      fastcgi_index index.php;
      include fcgi.conf;
    }

    log_format wwwlogs '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
               '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
               '"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';
    access_log /data/logs/wwwlogs.log wwwlogs;
}

server
{
listen 80;
server_name status.blog.baidu.com;

    location / {
    stub_status on;
    access_log   off;
    }
}
}

　　②、在/usr/local/nginx/conf/目录中创建fcgi.conf文件：

vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/fcgi.conf

　　输入以下内容：

引用
fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1;
fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx;

fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING       $query_string;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD     $request_method;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE       $content_type;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH     $content_length;

fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME    $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME        $fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI        $request_uri;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI       $document_uri;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT      $document_root;
fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL    $server_protocol;

fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR        $remote_addr;
fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT        $remote_port;
fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR        $server_addr;
fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT        $server_port;
fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME        $server_name;

# PHP only, required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirect
fastcgi_param REDIRECT_STATUS 200;

　　5、启动Nginx

ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

　　四、配置开机自动启动Nginx + PHP

vi /etc/rc.local

　　在末尾增加以下内容：

引用
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm start
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

　　五、优化Linux内核参数

vi /etc/sysctl.conf

　　在末尾增加以下内容：

引用
# Add
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 65536
net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 32768
net.core.somaxconn = 32768

net.core.wmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_max = 16777216
net.core.wmem_max = 16777216

net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2
net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 2

net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
#net.ipv4.tcp_tw_len = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1

net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 94500000 915000000 927000000
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 3276800

#net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
#net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 120
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65535

　　使配置立即生效：

/sbin/sysctl -p

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

　　六、在不停止Nginx服务的情况下平滑变更Nginx配置
　　1、修改/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf配置文件后，请执行以下命令检查配置文件是否正确：

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t

　　如果屏幕显示以下两行信息，说明配置文件正确：
　　the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
　　the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf was tested successfully

　　2、这时，输入以下命令查看Nginx主进程号：

ps -ef | grep "nginx: master process" | grep -v "grep" | awk -F ' ' '{print $2}'

　　屏幕显示的即为Nginx主进程号，例如：
　　6302
　　这时，执行以下命令即可使修改过的Nginx配置文件生效：

kill -HUP 6302

　　或者无需这么麻烦，找到Nginx的Pid文件：

kill -HUP `cat /usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid`

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

　　七、编写每天定时切割Nginx日志的脚本
　　1、创建脚本/usr/local/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh

vi /usr/local/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh

　　输入以下内容：

引用
#!/bin/bash
# This script run at 00:00

# The Nginx logs path
logs_path="/data/logs/"

mkdir -p ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/
mv ${logs_path}access.log ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/access_$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y%m%d").log
mv ${logs_path}wwwlogs.log ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/wwwlogs_$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y%m%d").log
kill -USR1 `cat /usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid`

　　2、设置crontab，每天凌晨00:00切割nginx访问日志

crontab -e

　　输入以下内容：

引用
00 00 * * * /bin/bash /usr/local/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh

原文地址http://blog.s135.com/nginx_php_v5/

备注：其中部分安装本人有修改过！